What Goes Under Vinyl Plank Flooring? The Ultimate Guide
May 7, 2021 ... Both of those are built into vinyl planks already I would advise not installing an underlayment. If there are imperfections in your subfloor, ....
Installing vinyl plank flooring correctly begins long before the first board clicks into place. The question of what to put down under vinyl plank flooring is critical, as the underlayment serves as the foundation for the entire installation. A proper subfloor preparation and moisture barrier ensure the planks lie flat, resist warping, and maintain their structural integrity for years.
Understanding the Vinyl Flooring Substrate
Before selecting a material, you must evaluate the existing surface. Whether you are installing over concrete in a basement or plywood on a second floor, the substrate dictates your underlayment strategy. Most modern vinyl planks are designed to float over an underlayment, creating a cushion that absorbs impact and muffles sound. Ignoring this layer can lead to squeaks, hollow spots, and premature failure due to uneven support.
The Role of Moisture Barriers
Moisture is the enemy of dimensional stability, particularly for materials like vinyl. If you are installing over a slab foundation, basement, or any area prone to ground moisture, a vapor barrier is non-negotiable. A thick polyethylene sheet (6-mil or greater) laid across the concrete seals the slab and prevents rising damp from bubbling up into the planks. This step effectively isolates the flooring from the ground, preventing mold growth and adhesive breakdown.
Recommended Underlayment Materials
The market offers several specialized products designed specifically for vinyl plank installation. These materials are typically thin, semi-rigid sheets that combine moisture protection with shock absorption. Choosing the right one depends on your subfloor type and desired comfort level.
- Closed-Cell PE Foam: This is a popular choice due to its affordability and ease of installation. It provides excellent moisture resistance and creates a soft cushion underfoot, making it ideal for areas where comfort is a priority.
- Rubber Underlayment: Often made from recycled tire materials, rubber offers superior density and sound-dampening properties. It is highly resistant to compression, ensuring the cushioning does not disappear under heavy furniture.
- Softwood Plywood: For a more rigid and stable base, exterior-grade plywood scored for underlayment works well. It evens out minor imperfections in the subfloor and provides a solid surface for the vinyl to grip.
Laminate Underlayment as a Budget Option
Many homeowners ask if they can use laminate underlayment for vinyl. The answer is generally yes, provided it does not contain a foam bottom layer. Standard laminate underlayment is thin felt that smooths the floor and provides some sound reduction. However, you must ensure the vinyl plank manufacturer does not prohibit foam underlayments, as the added thickness can affect the locking mechanism.
Subfloor Preparation is Key
No underlayment can compensate for a poorly prepared subfloor. The surface must be perfectly level, clean, and dry. Any bumps or debris will telegraph through the vinyl surface, creating visible ridges. You should sweep the area thoroughly and use a self-leveling compound to fill in low spots. The goal is to create a highway-flat surface upon which the underlayment and planks can rest evenly.
Additionally, you should always leave an expansion gap of roughly 1/4 inch along the wall perimeter. This gap allows the flooring to expand and contract with temperature and humidity changes without buckling. The baseboard trim is installed after the flooring, covering this gap and creating a seamless look.
Special Considerations for Concrete Slabs
Concrete is porous, which means it can release moisture unpredictably. If you are installing over a slab, testing for moisture is essential. Even if the slab looks dry, performing a moisture test kit 48 to 72 hours prior to installation is the industry standard. If moisture readings are high, you must either use a moisture-sealing primer or opt for a thicker vapor barrier to protect the vinyl plank flooring above.
Final Installation Tips
When rolling out the underlayment, ensure the seams are staggered and sealed with tape to prevent shifting. This creates a uniform, stable platform that prevents the planks from sagging. Keep the vinyl planks in the room for 48 hours before installation to let them acclimate to the temperature and humidity. This acclimation ensures the planks expand to the same dimensions as the subfloor, preventing gaps or tight spots once the installation begins.
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