The dense, glossy foliage of laurel bushes forms a timeless backdrop in gardens and landscapes worldwide, offering both structure and fragrance. Often associated with victory and honor, these evergreen shrubs belong to a surprisingly diverse group of plants that vary greatly in size, leaf shape, and care requirements. Understanding the different types of laurel bushes is essential for selecting the right plant for your climate, soil, and aesthetic goals, whether you are designing a formal hedge or a wildlife-friendly border.
True Laurels: The Elegant Bay Family
When gardeners refer to true laurel, they are usually speaking of plants in the genus Laurus, most notably the Bay Laurel or Sweet Bay. This Mediterranean native is the culinary laurel used to flavor soups and stews, and its aromatic leaves are a staple in the herb garden. Botanically classified as Laurus nobilis, this type of laurel bush is a slow-growing tree or large shrub that responds exceptionally well to clipping, making it a favorite for topiary and structured hedges. Its glossy, dark green leaves provide year-round interest and a distinct spicy scent when crushed.
Bay Laurel Cultivars and Characteristics
While the species Laurus nobilis is widely available, horticulturists have developed specific cultivars to suit different spaces and preferences. Some varieties are selected for their variegated foliage, while others are bred to be more compact or cold-hardy. When choosing a true laurel, it is important to source healthy plants from reputable nurseries to ensure the leaves retain their flavor and aroma. These bushes thrive in well-drained soil and prefer a sunny to partially shaded location, tolerating mild coastal conditions with ease.
Cherry Laurel: The Fast-Growing Powerhouse
For those seeking rapid privacy, the Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is arguably the most popular type of laurel bush in modern landscaping. Despite the shared name, this plant is a member of the rose family, not the true laurel, but it offers similar evergreen appeal with a significantly faster growth rate. It produces dense clusters of white flowers in spring, followed by small, black drupes that attract birds but are toxic to humans. Its large, shiny leaves create an immediate screen, making it a go-to choice for windbreaks and boundary hedges.
Growth Habits and Maintenance
Cherry Laurel bushes are remarkably adaptable, tolerating heavy pruning, shade, and a variety of soil types. Left unmanaged, they can grow quite large, but they respond well to annual trimming, which encourages dense branching and maintains a tidy appearance. Gardeners should note that while the plant is vigorous, it can be susceptible to leaf spot fungal diseases in humid climates. Selecting resistant varieties and ensuring good air circulation can mitigate these issues, ensuring a healthy and robust hedge.
Portugal Laurel: The Subtle Sophisticate
Often overshadowed by its bolder cousin, the Portugal Laurel (Prunus lusitanica) is a refined alternative for the discerning gardener. This type of laurel bush shares the growth speed and evergreen nature of the Cherry Laurel but distinguishes itself with smaller, darker green leaves and a more subtle aesthetic. Its thin stems and delicate foliage provide an elegant backdrop for bolder plants, and it is generally more tolerant of shade and dry conditions once established.
Flowering and Foliage Nuance
The Portugal Laurel produces elongated spikes of white flowers in summer, which are often overlooked on other species but add a delicate vertical element to the garden. Unlike the Cherry Laurel, the foliage of Prunus lusitanica tends to hold a richer, deeper green color throughout the year. While it can be used for high hedges, its moderate growth rate makes it ideal for mixed borders or as a specimen plant where a less aggressive presence is desired.
Common Laurel: The Tenacious Workhorse
Common Laurel, also known as English Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus 'Rotundifolia'), is a broadleaf evergreen cherished for its unwavering resilience. As the name suggests, it is a widely adaptable type of laurel bush that tolerates pollution, wind, and neglect better than most garden plants. The leaves are large and round, creating a lush, tropical look that feels dense and substantial in the landscape. This toughness makes it a popular choice for urban gardens and difficult sites where other plants might struggle.
Considerations for the Modern Garden
While the Common Laurel is undoubtedly hardy, its size potential requires careful planning. It can quickly outgrow small urban courtyards if not pruned regularly. For smaller spaces, seeking out dwarf varieties or maintaining the plant through annual shearing is recommended. Additionally, because the berries can be toxic, it is wise to plant this variety away from areas frequented by young children who might be tempted to ingest them.
Distinguishing Laurel from similar Plants
It is worth noting that the term "laurel" is applied to several plants that look similar but belong to different botanical families. For example, the Catalina Cherry is a stunning flowering tree often confused with true laurels, and the various Viburnum species sometimes share the glossy leaf texture. When shopping for types of laurel bushes, always check the botanical name on the tag to ensure you are getting the growth habit and care profile you expect, rather than a look-alike that might surprise you in the garden.