21.0 birds were sitting in a tree. 14.0 more birds flew away. How many birds are there left in the tree? Answer:

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There are five frogs sitting on a log over a stream. Four of the frogs decided to jump into the stream. How many frogs are left sitting on the log?
Answer: Five! Deciding to do something is not necessarily actually doing it.
Moral of the story? Don’t analyse a task to death or procrastinate; just do it!

There were 15 birds. 8 birds flew away.
How many birds are there now?
I had 9 candies. My mom gave me 3 more.
How many candies do I have now?
Bella has completed 8 lessons. She needs to complete 13 lessons to pass the course.
How many lessons are left to complete?
Mr. Roy has 4 dogs and 7 cats.
How many pets does Mr. Roy have?
Neal has 3 red balls, 5 blue balls and 2 green balls.
How many balls does he have?
Conner's team scored 8 goals. But their team lost by 2 goals.
How many goals did the other team scored?
Jim needs 3 more points to win the game. He has already scored 6 points.
How many total points does he need to win?
Josh and Anil together earned total of $15. Anil earned $8.
How much did Josh earn?
Ann's tree is 3 feet taller then Jen's tree. Jen's tree is 10 feet tall.
How tall is Ann's tree?
I had $10. I bought a pen for $2 and a book for $3.
How much money do I have now?

Question: There were a group of 6 people outside in front of a store. 3 of them were standing under an umbrella, while the other 3 didn't have anything with them. Who is getting wet?
Answer: No one was getting wet, because it was not raining.

When talking Thursday about what's now a 48-game home winning streak, Lubbock Christian University coach Steve Gomez said the Rip Griffin Center is "not a magic court" and "these goals don't have fairy dust on them."
The Lady Chaparrals and Maddi Chitsey in particular just made it look that way for the first quarter and a half of their Division II NCAA Tournament opener.
Chitsey scored 16 points in the first quarter, pushing her team out to a big lead, and No. 2 LCU beat bottom seed Tarleton State 78-46 Friday night in an NCAA South Central Regional quarterfinal. The Lady Chaps made five 3-point goals in the first quarter and led 35-10 three minutes into the second quarter.
"We came out just really ripping it," Gomez said, "and we’ve had those runs in the past, but to start a game that way, it just makes the whole night easier. I appreciate Maddi coming out (hot) the first quarter. You don't see many 16-point quarters."
LCU (29-1) has won 23 in a row and will play a semifinal at 7:30 p.m. Saturday against fourth-seeded Angelo State (23-6), which beat fifth-seeded Black Hills State 87-75 in Friday's late game.
Chitsey, the 6-foot-1 sophomore from Wall, finished with 18 points. She showed a diverse offensive game, making three 3-point goals and scoring on a putback, on the low block out of an offensive set and hustling for a follow shot on a fast break.
All that in the first quarter, which she capped with a 3 that staked LCU to a 26-8 lead. Early in the second quarter, it was 35-10 and 40-15 as the Lady Chaps stayed unbeaten at home since New Year's Day 2015.
"When I'm making them, it feels right," Chitsey said, "so I'm going to try to find a spot to get open and keep making them."
LCU forward Tess Bruffey, the regional tournament MVP two years ago, yielded the spotlight early to Chitsey, though she had 10 rebounds by halftime and seven points. Bruffey wound up with 17 points, 13 rebounds, four assists and four blocked shots -- on her 23rd birthday.
The fast start was reminiscent of the last time LCU hosted the regional two years ago, when the Lady Chaps scored at least 50 points and led by at least 20 in the first halves of all three of their regional tournament victories. This time, the Lady Chaps went scoreless over the last five minutes of the first half and took a 40-23 lead into the break.
"It's a new team, new year, and I don't really compare years much," Bruffey said. "I'm just kind of focused on what we're doing now. I'd say I'm proud of the girls for the lead we got really quick at the start and we're just going to keep going. Not comparing years or looking back, just moving forward."
Tarleton State (20-12) scored a season low, but played without 6-2 sophomore Mackenzie Hailey, the TexAnns' top scorer, rebounder and tallest player. Hailey suffered an ankle injury in the Lone Star Conference tournament championship game. Without Hailey, the TexAnns' were out-rebounded 44-24, but her presence might not have made a difference.
"I think Lubbock Christian shot really, really well," Tarleton coach Misty Wilson said, "and especially that first quarter, it didn't seem like they could miss at all. When a team comes out and gets rolling like that, especially a good team like Lubbock Christian, it's really hard to play catch-up at that point."
TARLETON STATE – Collins 1-8 0-0 3, Peck 1-5 0-0 3, Webster 3-5 0-1 6, Bostad 5-15 3-4 14, Tatum 3-10 1-1 7, Benson 0-0 0-0 0, Wilson 1-4 0-0 3, Alvarez 2-5 1-2 5, Tyer 0-1 0-0 0, Mankins 2-6 1-2 5. Totals 1-59 6-10 46.
LCU – O. Robertson 2-3 2-2 7, Bruffey 8-15 0-0 17, M. Chitsey 7-12 1-2 18, Gaddis 2-4 0-0 4, Cunyus 5-12 0-0 13, Davis 1-2 2-2 5, Schulte 2-2 0-0 6, B. Chitsey 2-3 2-2 6, Duncan 0-2 0-0 0, Middleton 0-0 0-0 0, Turner 0-0 0-0 0, J. Robertson 1-1 0-0 2, Buttram 0-0 0-0 0. Totals 30-56 7-8 78.
3-point goals: Tarleton State 4-17 (Peck 1-2, Wilson 1-2, Collins 1-3, Bostad 1-4, Alvarez 0-1, Tyer 0-1, Tatum 0-2), LCU 11-23 (M. Chitsey 3-5, Cunyus 3-8, Schulte 2-2, O. Robertson 1-1, Davis 1-2, Bruffey 1-4, Duncan 0-1). Total fouls: Tarleton State 12, LCU 14. Fouled out: none. Rebounds: Tarleton State 24 (Webster 6), LCU 44 (Bruffey 13). Assists: Tarleton State 6 (Webster 2, Peck 2), LCU 19 (Gaddis 4, Bruffey 4). Steals: Tarleton State 6 (Bostad 2), LCU 4 (Cunyus, O. Robertson, Bruffey, Schulte). Turnovers: Tarleton State 8 (Tatum 2, Mankins 2), LCU 14 (Bruffey 4). Blocked shots: Tarleton State 0, LCU 8 (Bruffey 4). Records: Tarleton State 20-12, LCU 29-1.

11.0 x 14.0" 11.0 x 17.0" 13.0 x 19.0" 5.0 x 7.0" 8.0 x 10.0" 8.5 x 11.0"
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The positions of the words in the triangle show where they need to go in the equations. To find the speed, distance is over time in the triangle, so speed is distance divided by time. To find distance, speed is beside time, so distance is speed multiplied by time.
1) A dog runs from one side of a park to the other. The park is 80.0 meters across. The dog takes 16.0 seconds to cross the park. What is the speed of the dog?
The speed of the dog is 5.0 meters per second.
2) A golf cart is driven at its top speed of 27.0 km/h for 10.0 minutes. In meters, how far did the golf cart travel?
The golf cart traveled 4500 m, which is equal to 4.50 km.

A nurse put 100 gloves into 4 containers. She puts gloves in the containers in such a way that each container has two more gloves than the one before. How many gloves are in each container?
Answer: 22, 24, 26, and 28 gloves.
Let X be the number of gloves in the first container. Then there are X+2 gloves in the 2-nd container, X+4 gloves in the 3-rd container, and X+6 gloves in the 4-th container. Hence, we have X+X+2+X+4+X+6=100. Solving for X, we get X=22 gloves in the first container, 24 gloves in the 2-nd container, 26 gloves in the 3-rd container and 28 gloves in the 4-th container.
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A collaborative celebration of performing, visual and literary arts in St. Petersburg. A day-long artistic chain reaction on March 26, 2016 at The Studio@620, where art inspires art and artists spark each other, and we create a live performance.
Here’s the writeup from the national Dramatists Guild magazine. . . Synesthesia_DGuild2016_full-article. And a lovely followup article published in Creative Loafing Tampa.
Starting with a story by 10-year-old Lily McDole, performed by actor Becca McCoy. . . that set off a dance choreographed by Helen Hansen French and Paula Kramer to Matt Cowley’s sound design. . . that inspired a sculpture by James Oleson that became part of the dance. . . that inspired Jonathan Cho to create a lovely song. . . that started actors Elizabeth Brincklow, Jim Rayfield, Lisa Powers Tricomi and Jim Wicker, and playwright Sheila Cowley devising a play. . . that inspired ZuluPainter’s new painting. . . that drew a poem from Maureen McDole. . . that helped Carrie Jadus think of a new painting. . . that became a thrilling choral call-and-response poem by Bob Devin Jones. And Banks Helfrich surprised us all with joyous silent clowning, while Tom Kramer caught the creative process in marvelous photos.
Many thanks to all the wonderful artists involved, and thanks of course to New York’s Athena Theatre and Electric Pear Productions for this stimulating format.

It takes a special property to break records in the current property market, but it’s happening.
It takes a special property to break records in the current market, but it’s happening: a Rose Bay penthouse has sold for a suburb record; a Vaucluse house went for a street record and a unit fetched the highest price ever in the block.
Last Thursday night, the four-bedroom, two-bathroom penthouse at 6/7-9 Conway Ave, Rose Bay, sold for $8,860,000 — the highest price ever paid for an apartment in the suburb according to CoreLogic.
“It offered a lot in one package — a well-maintained near-new boutique block of six; internal lift access into the unit, a great location with gun-barrel views,” said Ray White Double Bay’s Gavin Rubinstein.
As he points out, the number of good penthouses for downsizers with that view is rare — the young bidder at the auction looked to be buying it for his parents.
But he says there’s even bigger demand among eastern suburbs families for large homes on level blocks and pools in the $5m to $6.5m range, hence seven bidders lining up for 12 Cambridge Ave, Vaucluse, which sold for $6,225,000 — a whopping $725,000 above reserve — on the same auction night.
Also rare is the number of large modern homes with an iconic view in Vaucluse, hence the home of businessman Alexander Ma selling for more than $30m — a street record and the highest price paid for a property so far this year — last Friday.
The seven-bedroom, eight-bathroom home at 20A Vaucluse Rd would have been the most expensive home ever sold under the hammer in Australia had it sold for that amount at Monday’s scheduled auction.
It would have been a nice accolade, but BadgerFox agents Peter Leipnik and Alexander George chose not to risk it — sealing the deal pre-auction on Friday night.
“In a changing market, securing a good deal for your vendor is what’s most important,” Mr Leipnik said.
They’d had interest from Dubai, China and also the eastern suburbs. The buyer plans to use it as a family home, spending time in both Australia and offshore.
Buyers at that level don’t need to convince a bank to give them a loan, yet even cheaper properties that offer something special are breaking records.
The two-bedroom apartment at 2/2B Queens Park Rd, Queens Park, didn’t have a car space but it did have a front garden.
On Saturday, McGrath agent Angus Gorrie had five register — four of whom competed — with an investor from Randwick paying $1,282,500.
The result was $82,500 above reserve and the highest sale ever in the block. “Good properties are still selling well,” he said.

It is 37.7 miles according to Google Maps.
How far is Santa Barbara California from Oxnard California?
Answer: Santa Barbara is about a 45-50 minute drive from Oxnard.

174.6 lb Lost so far: 109.1 lb. Still to go: 0 lb. Diet followed reasonably well.

Just slightly off topic but TrailManor used to have superb customer service. There was one guy that handled all the calls and he tried very hard to please the owners. They made a well engineered and built foldup trailer.
Anyone seen or heard from TrailManor lately?
"My friend has had his back to the factory 3 times and once they sent Lippert to his house to rebuild all his brakes due to leaking grease seals, ultimately solved by a 4th trip to the factory and totally replacing both axles with Dexter."
Having to go back to the Grand Design factory 4 times to GOOD???
It's a real world trend unfortunately. Six years ago even some of the less expensive Forest River brands were easy to get repair--they now seem to be tightening up. Big test will be if the August Rally at Goshen, IN where anything/everything Forest River gets repaired for free gets cancelled. When it first started there was no age limit, but recently they limited free repair to units less than five years old.
Probably depends on the division. We own a 2017 (new in spring 2016) Forest River Wildcat and I cannot say anything bad as they have been very good to us. I had a delamination issue with our floor and walls (turned out to be a glue issue) and they replaced our fifth wheel with a new one. I never expected to see that as what I read online where cut and patch repairs as being the norm. They even added a second AC unit on our replacement at no cost to us plus the replacement included a outside fridge which our old one did not. I brought in for a second time when the colored striping on the awning started to come off (awning was fine, just losing the color) and a couple emails with pictures and I had that replaced as well.
With that being said we had a very good dealer that help get things done along with I told the dealer I would rather bring our unit to the factory for delamination repairs as I only live a couple hours away.
Just because one may have a bad experience doesn't mean everyone will. Just give it time and I'll bet even the Godly Grand Designs service will not be what it once was.
I have an ‘18 CC 34rl2 bought Sept ‘17, 600 miles the fenders broke and almost fell off, that was the beginning of nonstop things, broke window hardware, water pump problems, falling apart drawer slides/latches, cracked/broken door/drawer faces, fireplace not working when furnace is running all in the first 6 mos.
Buying local, service local is fine if you only do weekends or a month at a time and can get by. Buying in Mn and need service in Ok, Tx, Nm, Az, Ne, Ks or Sd, my advice is have a good supply duck tape, baling wire, assortment of screws, nut ‘ bolts. And when you stop for a few days always, ALWAYS do so close to a Home Despert/Lowe’s. The littney from dealers for warranty work is: Bring it in, we’ll document and take pictures, we’ll submit to Forest River/CC, when they approve bring it back and we’ll measure/check part nos. and place order, when parts come in we’ll call and make an appointment to get you in, but since you didn’t buy here it might take weeks to get you in: . I have a list of 6 dealers that never called me, I can’t believe all 6 went out of business or died! Your favorite rv repair men can’t do much when Forest River/CC won’t answer their phone, text, e-mail or Fax?!!!!!
I’m traveling again and have enough tools with to fix most everything. Hoping pretty soon this pos will be going down the road behind some-one else’s truck, then I can get back to traveling and seeing the country. Done. The Stealer had it for 9 weeks through the summer and got most of our tablet sheet of things fixed just in time for the warranty to run out, go figure!!!!!
I have an ‘18 CC 34rl2 bought Sept ‘17, 600 miles the fenders broke and almost fell off, that was the beginning of nonstop things, broke window hardware, water pump problems, falling apart drawer slides/latches, cracked/broken door/drawer faces, fireplace not working when furnace is running all in the first 6 mos.
Buying local, service local is fine if you only do weekends or a month at a time and can get by. Buying in Mn and need service in Ok, Tx, Nm, Az, Ne, Ks or Sd, my advice is have a good supply duck tape, baling wire, assortment of screws, nut ‘ bolts. And when you stop for a few days always, ALWAYS do so close to a Home Despert/Lowe’s. The littney from dealers for warranty work is: Bring it in, we’ll document and take pictures, we’ll submit to Forest River/CC, when they approve bring it back and we’ll measure/check part nos. and place order, when parts come in we’ll call and make an appointment to get you in, but since you didn’t buy here it might take weeks to get you in: . I have a list of 6 dealers that never called me, I can’t believe all 6 went out of business or died! Your favorite rv repair men can’t do much when Forest River/CC won’t answer their phone, text, e-mail or Fax?!!!!!
I’m traveling again and have enough tools with to fix most everything. Hoping pretty soon this pos will be going down the road behind some-one else’s truck, then I can get back to traveling and seeing the country. Done. The Stealer had it for 9 weeks through the summer and got most of our tablet sheet of things fixed just in time for the warranty to run out, go figure!!!!!
They know that people have little choice.
I've had great service with my Cedar Creek. Front cap was fading and I got an approval from the factory to have it painted in just 3 days. It was also out of warranty by about a year and a half. This was done last fall.

I’ve been devouring my way through Crystal Lutton’s Biblical Parenting this week. I have known Crystal for quite a while, so I feel like I’m doing this backwards, but when my friend had her book sitting on the couch, I couldn’t help but steal it, lol.
Here it seemed to me that God was being both subjective and descriptive, but then I suppose that God knows what is well done or not, lol, so maybe its not subjective. Hmm, I’ll have to think about that.
Plus, non-descriptive praise is everywhere. Even Joe on Blue’s Clues tells kids they’re “really smart”. It didn’t seem like a huge deal to me. I’ve never told my kids that things that they do make them “good” or “bad”. I know that’s a big no-no.
Anyways, this quote in Crystal’s book helped to give me a nudge to change.
If your child brings you a picture tell them what you see. “You used lots of green. I see squiggly lines and some straight ones.” If your daughter asks what you think of her dress tell her what you see. “It’s blue and it has flowers.” You will be amazed at how her face lights up. My son calls me into his playroom to show me what he’s done with his cars and I tell him what I see. “You have lined them up and all the trucks are together.” He feels a sense of accomplishment and knows that I have noticed his hard work because I can tell him what he did.
So yesterday we made brownies. I’m using up the last of my Duncan Hines dairy-free mixes (which they’ve done away with, but that’s another blog entry). My 4-year-old son always pulls up a chair to stand next to me when I am mixing, and he always helps me to stir. He asked if he could do it all by himself, so I gave him the spatula. He stirred for a good minute, and did it to completion. Instead of my usual “Good job, you stirred the brownies.”, I said “You stirred the brownies completely. Now they’re ready to go in the pan.”. He looked like I had just told him that he had won a lifetime supply of toys, lol. He lit up, stood taller, and looked so proud. Its amazing what a difference of a few words can make!

It's an assumption that the more educated and knowledgeable a person is, the greater the support for civil liberties. We see the same kinds of relationships between education/knowledge and tolerance. The knowledge-civil liberties assumption is rarely tested because, well, it's an assumption.
A study in a recent Journal of Politics (volume 73, April 2011, pp 463-476) actually tests this assumption. And finds it wanting.
The findings imply that students can become more knowledgeable about the Constitution and workings of government without experiencing a concomitant shift in their support for free speech, dissent, or due process. This pattern of results is striking both because this experiment has ample power to detect even small effects and because, as noted above, the statistical test is biased in favor of finding a mediating relationship. The theoretical implications of this finding are profound. Evidently, it is possible to increase awareness and understanding of civil liberties without producing an increase in support for those civil liberties. This finding therefore calls into question the longstanding argument that beliefs and attitudes are causally linked in this domain.
To put this in somewhat less theoretical words -- oh crap.
The question of whether knowledge is associated with, or independent of, attitudes has been of some interest lately. Approaches such as motivated reasoning point to this separation, finding that basically people believe what they want to believe, regardless of the factual nature of, um, the facts.
One cannot increase support for civil liberties simply by teaching students about the provisions of law that are designed to protect these liberties.
There is of course a silly argument semi-raging online about whether Twitter makes us stupid. Of course it doesn't. Making us dumber is the job of reality television, especially Jersey Shore.
But this does raise the question of whether exposure to Twitter is associated with greater political knowledge.
The answer? No one knows.
Few if any studies directly examine the micro-blogging site Twitter and any potential political learning. A number of studies have examined the motivations for reading blogs or Internet use among the young and participation or even the troubling consequeces of online rumors, which leads to misperceptions rather than knowledge. So far I haven't seen any solid, systematic attempts to explore whether Twitter leads to greater knowledge. They may be out there, but I haven't found them.
And so, like any good blogging academic, I'm gonna make stuff up.
Or rather, I'll extrapolate what we know about media consumption and political knowledge to answer the question of whether Twitter makes us politically smarter, politically dumber, or (to not bury the lede) probably makes no difference at all.
Twitter as social media automatically gets frowned on, just as television news did as it emerged to overtake print news consumption, and not without good reason. TV news does suffer from delusions of adequacy, but we know now that watching news on TV actually leads to greater knowledge -- for those who have little prior knowledge, or who are less educated, or who are less interested in public affairs.
In other words, TV news works best for those who don't know all that much in the first place. But what about Twitter? The argument for dumber is based on a large part to the billions of stupid posts that litter the Twittersphere. Never mind the good posts, the 140 characters-or-less comments and pointers to good journalism. There is a time-wasting aspect to Twitter, certainly, and the dumber argument rests largely on the combination of stupid posts and time spent on a medium that presents itself in fragmented, oddly phrased posts. It's not a bad argument, but it's wrong. There is no data that suggests reading tweets makes you dumber or even shortens your attention span. It does steal time from more meaningful content, but a counter to that is that many tweets actually point toward compelling content a reader may have missed otherwise.
There is little data to support this argument either. Some correlational data may suggest greater political knowledge is associated with using Twitter, but that's a function of the kind of people who choose to tweet or read tweets -- people who happen to already be news junkies. Even statistical controls for various demographics may not capture all the factors that better explain what people know than would using Twitter.
This argument rests largely on the lack of data, the discussion above of how the news junkies have a ceiling effect on knowledge and social users might offset any high scores Twitter users get on tests of political knowledge, and an appreciation for a finely crafted null hypothesis.
There are strong methodological reasons why exposure to mainstream news sources may actually be unrelated to political knowledge, in part due to measurement error associated with the kinds of exposure questions we ask in surveys. I don't buy that particular argument, though it's loved by political scientists who tend to shy away from, or explain away, media factors in understanding politics. The media have a modest but significant relationship with knowledge, but Twitter -- once you control for other factors and due to its unique audience -- will not have enough variance left to explain.
In other words, Twitter will be found to be unrelated to political knowledge. It doesn't make you smarter, it doesn't make you dumber. At least not politically. People who are drawn to Twitter to escape the news, those folks fled the news long ago.
I'm not sure I want to be a brand. But I doubt that matters.
I hate to be the one to break it to Weingarten, but the journalism business as a whole is becoming a commodity in many ways. But it’s not journalists and media organizations that are redefining it as such, it is the market itself — and the fact that media is becoming something that anyone can do. The tools for publishing and becoming a “media brand” are available to anyone now thanks to blogs and Twitter and Facebook, and that has made the world of media and journalism a lot flatter, as NBC White House correspondent Chuck Todd noted in a recent interview with the Poynter Institute.
So we're all brands now. Hell, this blog along suggests I am a brand, or at least I try to be a brand, though clearly not much of one. Just look at my PeerIndex number and you'll see. No one's buying.
But we've always been brands, if you take a broad definition of "brand" and think of impression formation and maintenance. Yes, being a "brand" strikes many as unseemly and unsavory. It suggests shameless self-promotion. Bob Woodward is a brand. So, sadly, is Perez Hilton. Are you a brand even if you refuse to think of yourself as a brand? I'm not sure. The argument here is muddled by a lack of precision in what we mean by "brand" and whether brand is in the eyes of the beholder, or holder, of that brand name.
And what's this got to do with what people know? Hold on, I'm trying to get there.
Given the nature of this blog, I'm not going to dive into the "brand is bad for journalism" argument other than to say that if you spend time building your brand, that's time you've not spent doing good journalism. There are only so many hours in a day. I also suspect, but can't prove, there is a negative correlation among academics who attempt to brand themselves via social media (er, kinda like me) and the scholarship they actually produce. If I had time, I'd test this hypothesis by looking at tweets versus peer-reviewed publications. I think I'm right.
So does the hypothesis above also apply to doing journalism? Probably, to some degree. Again, only 24 hours in a day. But by building your "brand" as a journalist, you also open more doors, you gain more leverage, you gather about you the trust and followers among those who not only want to hear or read the stories you have to tell, but also want to share those with their friends. Remember, recommendations by "friends" do matter to people, as new research shows, even more so than that person's feelings toward a specific news organization. In other words, if I'm a conservative I generally ignore MSNBC, except friend recommendations, as one experiment shows, can trump this partisan preference.
Okay, I'm off track a bit. Does it matter, all this branding stuff, to what people learn from the media? Absolutely, though I don't know of any research that directly backs up this assertion. My gut feeling, based on nearly 25 years of being immersed in social science research and more years than that as a journalist or journalism professor, is that trust matters in how people expose themselves to a news source and what they get out of that source. Never mind the sharing part, which will also matter. Let's look only at source->receiver relationships. With more trust comes more careful reading/listening to stories, and with that should come greater knowledge about public affairs.
In an indirect way, then, branding helps us the consumer of news find news we can trust, just like the New York Times is a brand, just like Fox News is a brand. Individual journalists, especially columnists, have long been "brands" in every sense of the word. Beat reporters are also a brand, though very localized. Although I'm an old print newspaper guy (who uses the hell out of his iPad), I think we (the royal journalistic we) can balance our branding and our newsgathering and storytelling. But -- branding alone, hollow shameless self-plugging -- will never replace good reporting and good writing.
I hope people will see through that, and respond appropriately.
News with a Partisan Slant?
I wrote a couple of days ago about a new Public Opinion Quarterly study that finds people who consume "likeminded news" (news that agrees with their partisan point of view) actually increases certain aspects of political participation. In that piece I promised to review the study author's categorization scheme for which television news programs qualified as being slanted toward Republicans, Democrats, or neutral. Here's my take.
First, let's recreate the list from the study's appendix (Table A1, p. 312, if you have access to POQ). Remember these are 2008 programs, so some have disappeared. I comment after each category, only briefly, then I'll get into details after the list on how the author assigned programs or networks to the categories.
Okay, I stopped here listing them because they're all Fox News shows, and I think most of us might agree with the slant (except Studio B with Shepard Smith, which to me is one of the more "straight" presentations on Fox. So I quibble with that one).
As you can tell, a bunch of major networks and their shows. Again I have quibbles, especially with Situation Room, which strikes me as a journalism guy with some small experience as fairly straightforward in its presentation. And it's amusing to see Steward and Colbert in there as news programs, but I think we can all buy into that as well.
Okay, we can quibble with the list above too. Lou Dobbs? Neutral? McLaughlin Group? All in all, the list above seems mostly right to me, but of course your first methodological question should be -- how the heck do you systematically decide what program or network goes in which category? Good question. The explanation, also found in the article's appendix, is complicated. Let's walk through it.
What candidate does a program favor? This was a follow-up question to respondents who reported certain media exposure.
Mix and Match. "I took into account respondents' perceptions of partisan slant for both the program and its parent network," says the author, trying to assign a category to unmentioned programs or to further justify the categorization.
A statistical threshold of 25 percent was used to make sure the categories were firm. More on this in the appendix.
A Lexis-Nexis search was used for rarely mentioned programs, using various terms like liberal or Republican to assign a slant to a program or its host.
This is some creative work, and I've only skimmed above the detailed effort to assign programs to what any reasonable, informed person might (or might not) agree with. But it's important some systematic approach be used, not just gut feeling, when doing this kind of work. So I applaud the effort while quibbling with a few of the assignments. After all, in large part we're talking above about general respondent impressions of a news organization or program and their slant, not the reality of its journalistic approach. Given the constraints, this is an excellent stab at categorizing programs and networks.
As I teach a graduate class on social media this summer, I've skimmed or read deeply a large body of work on the effects of Twitter, Facebook, etc., on our social and political perceptions -- deciding whether to include them or not in class. Today we're discussing a couple of studies that suggest a dramatic shift is taking place in how people organize their news consumption habits and the consequences on what stories they consume.
One interesting point is this -- that picking your news by partisan predispositions (conservatives to Fox, liberals to MSNBC, and so on) is being shattered by social media. A set of experiments shows that, instead, individual recommendations outweigh source preference. In other words, if I'm conservative and I love Fox News, that's all well and good, but a recommendation from a "friend" via social media will trump that preference.
Given we tend to selectively expose ourselves to likeminded others -- people hang out with people like themselves -- this trumping of news source by friend recommendation may not mean so very much. Or it may mean everything. It's too early to tell, but it raises some interesting questions as we watch the media audience fragment along partisan lines. Perhaps personal recommendations is a way to bring the news consumption universe back into order. Or perhaps it'll make things worse. Again, it's too early to tell, but my gut says a growing reliance on friend recommendations will only increase the likelihood we consume news that tells us what we want to hear. And that's the bad news of the day.
A fascinating study published in the latest Public Opinion Quarterly asks a very simple question -- does consuming news you agree with make you more likely, or less likely, to participate in politics?
The answer? More likely to participate. But with limitations.
There is a growing body of work on the migration of partisans to news that generally agrees with their political point of view (as in, conservatives to Fox, liberals to MSNBC). This study by Susanna Dilliplane uses national panel data and some sophisticated modeling to explore whether these trends lead to greater or less political participation. It's terrific work (and yes, it cites two of my published studies, another big plus. End shameless plug).
There are competing theories and findings as to whether partisan media have mobilizing or demobilizing effects. People generally agree that exposure to competing view points is a good thing (see the work of Mutz, for example). But does such exposure actually help, or hurt, when it comes to participation?
Using the 2008 presidential election as a test, the research finds "substantial support for the proposition that exposure to partisan news affects political participation, particularly behavior during the campaign." For example, consuming likeminded partisan news increases campaign acitivity and encourages people to make an early decision about the election. Consuming news that conflicts with your partisan point of view -- that can have the opposite effect. So what is generally considered good, hearing lots of viewpoints, demobilizes you, makes you less likely to participate.
But, and this is a major but and therefore deserves special boldface and italic treatment, such partisan exposure is unrelated to actual voting. This may be due in part to the use of within subjects rather than between subjects analysis. After all, this is panel data, so you look at change within the same people over time. That doesn't leave a lot of room, statistically speaking, to find effects like voting. One hopes it's not a methodological artifact and partisan viewing/reading actually does not influence likelihood to vote. One hopes.
On a methodological note -- how do you decide whether a television news network is likeminded or not? Yeah, we can all agree Fox or MSNBC is likeminded for conservatives or liberals. Here the author does some nifty combining of data to categorize the media. Nifty, though some might quibble in relying on public perceptions of a news organization's partisan leanings. The appendix breaks these down for you. Republican slant? Fox News and nearly all of its specific programs (O'Reilly, for example). Dem slant? Colbert and Stewart show up here, as do MSNBC and its various programs, and CNN's Situation Room (I'd quibble with that one, a lot). Neutral? A bunch of stuff. I'm going to blog about this categorization scheme at another time.
What's the takeaway here? While we applaud the exposure to various viewpoints, it may actually not be good when it comes to people participating in politics. The theoretical underpinnings of this finding are in the article so I won't go into detail here. But it is interesting to note that exposure to more neutral new coverage shows hints here of also mobilizing folks. That's good news for those of us who prefer a world with multiple viewpoints presented in news stories rather than a single, preached narrative by certain (ahem) cable news networks.
This probably only looks at the blog postings on the first page, but it's kinda fun. Click on it, I think, to see a better image.
Dumb TV Shows Make You Dumber?
Without a reporter looking to interview someone about this research I would have missed it. The study's main point? Watching dumb TV, wait for it, makes you dumber. Shocked?
Take note, fans of mindless reality shows like "Jersey Shore": New research suggests watching something dumb might make you dumber. In other words, you are what you watch.
That last line, for a lot of folks ... ouch. This is basically a priming experiment, at least as described in the news story. I'm having a hard time finding the actual study in Media Psychology, but as it's described subjects were randomly assigned to a control group or two conditions and read a script (important methodological note -- read, not watched) and then answered some political knowledge questions. Those who read the "dumb" script, and you can read the story yourself for details, did less well on the political knowledge test.
Priming is the theoretical underpinning here, and I can buy that. It's not that people were made dumb by the script so much as they were primed to approach a test in a dumb frame of mind, to slip into a mode in which serious thought is set aside. Reading a dumb script, and we can assume watching a dumb show, somehow slips our mind into neutral and deeper thought gets shoved aside. This is not unlike watching a smart program or listening to classical music and then perhaps doing better on a test not associated with either.
Keep in mind, though, that priming effects are short-lived, or as we say in social science, the effect quickly erodes over time. So you'd need a constant Jersey Shore fix to keep that dumb frame of mind going strong. Then again, anyone who watches that program in the first place probably already qualifies as not exactly a rocket scientist.
A reporter from Atlanta may call me to discuss this, which will be kinda fun if it happens. How often do you get the chance to make fun of Jersey Shore? Not enough, that's my position.
Who are the most consistently misinformed media viewers? The most consistently misinformed? Fox, Fox viewers, consistently, every poll.
Love your work, Jon. And I sympathize with your frustrations. But it ain't so. Politifact even fact checked Stewart and found out -- it ain't so.
But Politifact gets it kinda wrong too.
There is misinformed. There is uninformed. I think Stewart really meant what he said -- misinformed -- while Politifact appears to focus on a different concept -- uninformed.
Allow me split some conceptual hairs here.
Uninformed is fairly straightforward. People do poorly on tests of political knowledge. Politifact notes that while Fox viewers in general don't do particularly well on such tests, viewers of specific Fox programs, such as The O'Reilly Factor, do just as well as Stewart's own audience for The Daily Show.
Misinformed, though, is different. For example, Fox viewers back in ancient times believed there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq even when it became obvious to the rest of the planet that no, there weren't any, not for quite a while. I think this is what Stewart meant, that Fox viewers are misinformed because of the slant, the angle, the conservative bent and narrative of the network even in its "straight" news. That's being misinformed, not uninformed. Even Politifact admits this by saying: "This study is probably the strongest support we found for Stewart’s claim, in part because the difference between Fox and the other news outlets was so stark, and in part because the questions asked have pretty clear-cut "right" and "wrong" answers."
As much as I respect Politifact, score this one for Stewart. The truth-o-meter should not read False.
For some reason I've never written much about IQ tests. I vaguely recall taking them as an elementary school student, though of course we never heard our actual score -- though I suspect the behavior of the nuns at Sacred Heart School toward me can be explained by my unimpressive score.
Okay, enough about me. IQ tests are an interesting subset of what people know, more like how people think, and I point to this Ten Interesting Facts about IQ Tests mainly because the folks there were nice enough to contact me about them.
A couple of the points really do kinda sorta fit how we learn about politics and the media. For example, IQ tests measure only "certain intellectual skills." We talk a lot about the role of cognitive ability in persuasion and information processing. It's a key factor that often helps decide how we process information, which in turn can influence the consequences of such information (i.e., whether we're persuaded). Intellectual skills probably plays into this. In a related sense, "environmental factors" can play a role in IQ. From a media processing perspective, this is absolutely true -- from socio-demographics to where you are when you hear/read the news to a host of other factors.
And my favorite: IQ tests are fallible. I only with the nuns at Sacred Heart had read that one many years ago. But on a methodological point, researchers need to keep in mind that often our questions are often little better than blunt instruments designed to get at deeper concepts. Education is often used as a surrogate of cognitive ability, but I think we'd all agree it's far from perfect. It's just the best -- and easiest -- thing we have in a survey scenario.
In the latest Journal of Politics, Robert Luskin and John Bullock examine whether "don't know" as an available response to questions about political knowledge can affect the results. The study itself is here (assuming you have the same access as I do).
In survey research, we often talk about DK (don't know) and how to present this option, and whether presenting it in a certain way encourages people to take the easy road and simply say they don't know versus coming up, with a little more mental effort, an answer. This matters, at least to those of us who study the knowledge of the American electorate. Encouraging "don't know" as a response can lead to a more disappointing portrait of the public's knowledge. Or, to flip it, discouraging this response would paint a better picture.
Discouraging DKs does paint a more comforting picture of the public’s knowledge of politics—but, as the foregoing shows, only slightly so in the openended case and spuriously so in the closed-ended one. Anyone searching for large caches of hidden knowledge, it appears, should look elsewhere.
Given most of the time we rely on close-ended questions to tap into the public's political knowledge, the results basically tell us that fiddling with "don't know" as a response, usually by discouraging it or not offering it as an easily available response alternative in a survey scenario, won't really improve the results. Indeed, the authors argue that DKs should not be discouraged. The only question, they argue, is whether to encourage them.
Yes, this gets all manner of methodologically geeky, but for those who study what people know, and who craft surveys or other instruments designed to measure it, these results are important.
Full journal cite: The Journal of Politics, Vol. 73, No. 2, April 2011, Pp. 547–557.
A few quick mentions on a busy afternoon, just to feed the blog and give you something to consider or to point you in the direction of some interesting stuff.
There's a huge new Pew Center report on social media out today. I'll be reading it this weekend for a discussion Monday in my Consequences of Social Media grad seminar (thank you Pew for the perfect timing). It's an 85-page pdf, so it'll keep the students busy and off the streets this weekend. And it does a nice job of summing up the stuff we've been discussing all week and will discuss next week. I may discuss this more next week if any of it fits my blog theme.
More to the point, there was a story in the NYTimes the other day about how poorly U.S. students do on tests of history. Indeed, as the lede says, "American students are less proficient in their nation’s history than in any other subject." That alone is enough to make high school history teachers sob themselves to sleep. Only 12 percent of U.S. high school seniors demonstrated proficiency on the exam, and the story comes complete with the startlingly low correct responses to the traditional questions. Read it and weep.
Here's an interesting opinion piece out of Canada (and how often can you write those words?) in which the author states: "I want to challenge the myth that so-called "real" news is democracy's oxygen while "infotainment" has the deadly effect of carbon monoxide." The argument is straightforward, and one I'm sympathetic to -- that news must engage the audience, else it exist in a vacuum and become, for many, irrelevant. Some call this dumbing down, some call it marketing. But there's no doubt the royal we of journalism are damn good at making the important brainnumbingly dull. It's an old argument, the prescription model of news (here's your medicine, I know it tastes bad, but it's good for you) and the sugar-filled model of news (all celebrities, all the time). The days of the former are over. Now we just need to strike a meaningful balance in order to both make money doing journalism and fulfill are obligations to democracy and an informed electorate.
Only 38 percent of U.S. adults know which house of the legislature the GOP controls, according to a Pew report (full report here). Graph below.
Do people continue to care about politics and public affairs compared to years ago? Has their trust in government changed? And do they think they can make a difference? Here are few tables, generated thanks to the ANES web site, to get at some of these questions. In other words, I'm gonna cut and paste.
As you can see above, political interest increased during the 1960s and then dropped thanks to a Watergate effect in the 1970s and into the 1980s. It's remained largely constant, with a bit of a random walk year to year, really since about 1980. So we can't argue that the public's interest has waned. Then again, it's not all that high either. These are the folks who responded with very high interest and the numbers sit about one-quarter of U.S. adults.
Okay, how about trust? Glad you asked.
Trust dropped significantly during the 1960s (Vietnam, race) and the 1970s (Watergate), inched up in the 1980s (Reagan, Morning in America), dropped again in 1994 (GOP takeover), began a nice increase during the 1990s and 2000s and then dropped like a rock in recent years (the Obama effect?). You can come up with any number of other explanations for these shifts up and down and all around, but my favorite would probably be that pounding against government, from left or right, along with real-world events combine to damage the nation's reputation with the public.
Another concept we're often interested in is efficacy. That is, do people think they can make a difference. The graph below captures that by flipping the data to describe those who do think they can have an effect on politics.
As you can see above, the question has to do with politics being "too complicated" for one to understand. These are the "disagree" folks above, so they represent people who feel they can understand and make a difference. The proportion of these folks decreased during the same period that trust went down, but then remained relatively steady until recent years when there's a bit of a jumping up and down. Smoothing the data by looking only at presidential election years takes some of this randomness out. In general, efficacy seems to be slightly decreasing of late.
What all this mean? Recent years both look a lot like previous ones but there are also significant changes. If you go to the site, linked above, and play with graphs you can see for yourself across any number of variables and concepts, from attitudes about specific issues to voting. A lot of useful stuff here.
Predispositions such as ideology, partisanship, and even race affect how individuals feel about Obama. This evaluation, in turn, motivates individuals to believe misinformation about the President, which creates implicit associations between Obama and Islam in long-term memory. Finally, these automatic associations increase the likelihood of perceiving and explicitly stating that Obama is likely a Muslim. Interestingly, political sophistication mitigates explicit associations, but it has no effect on implicit ones.
The political sophistication scale (M = 0.57, SD = 0.26; KR20 = 0.70) consisted of correct responses to the following items (correct answers and proportions in parentheses): 1) Responsibility to determine constitutionality of laws (Supreme Court; 74%); 2) Harry Reid’s job (Senate Majority Leader; 28%); 3) majority needed to override presidential veto (2/3; 64%); 4) more conservative party at national level (Republican Party; 92%); 5) current number of Supreme Court justices (9; 49%); 6) Hillary Clinton’s job (Secretary of State; 63%); 7) Constitutional authority to declare war (Legislative branch; 51%); and 8) name of current Supreme Court Chief Justice (John Roberts; 34%).
As you can see above, it's basically a measure of knowledge. There's some debate, not really touched on in this paper, about how exactly one conceptualizes and measures sophistication. Knowledge is adequate but, to me, not sufficient -- it fails to capture motivation as well as ability (indeed, a standard surrogate for motivation is political interest, also missing in the model). Then again, I'm a mass comm guy, so I'd like to see news exposure/attention built into either the sophistication index or as a standalone variable.
But political scientists hate media variables.
Many partisans tacitly and sometimes explicitly support misinformation by publicly questioning Obama’s faith, or at a minimum fail to correct those who do not. And since, Islam has been portrayed negatively, particularly since the September 11th attacks, the media share at least some of the blame, as many news outlets linked Muslims with terrorism. Some radio and television commentators were direct in drawing this association, while others were more subtle, inferring such a relationship through coverage omissions or photographic selection of terrorists such as Osama bin Laden (Jackson 2010).
So the media can have an impact. We're just not going to study it.
Yeah, snarky. I don't mean to sound condescending. This is an excellent study, methodologically above anything I'd try (then again, I have two brothers-in-law who are world class PhDs in biostatistics who call structural equation modeling little more than smoke and mirrors). It's a great piece of work, saved to my appropriate folder as I wrestle with an Obama-birther study.
And yes, that one includes media variables. End snark (for the moment).
Objective Journalism -- Here to Stay?
The last thing I want to get into is one of those tired debates about objectivity in journalism (it's an approach to information gathering, not a verb to describe journalists themselves), but this ABC News piece caught my eye today. I strongly recommend listening to the audio rather than reading the story (and how often will you find me, Mr. Print Guy, suggesting something like that?). The author of a study and book, Prof. Ron Jacobs, says there is a "push back" against opinion-style stuff that poses as journalism. One hopes so.
Let's assume for the moment there is a push back against the Foxification of news. That's a big assumption, but let's go with it. What are the consequences in terms of what people know versus what people feel or think? The easy answer is we'd have more fact-based instead of emotion-based attitudes and opinions. That's the easy answer, but I don't know if that's necessarily true. The American public has never been terribly consistent in its political beliefs and it's hard to imagine the media make all that much difference, or at least you'd think so looking at most of the political science literature, which tends to view the news and entertainment media as relatively unimportant in the grand scheme of things. Indeed, there's a strain of political science research aimed at downplaying the role of news exposure/consumption, either on methodological or conceptual grounds, in part because the dominant model still relies heavily on party identification and associated concepts.
Back to the supposed push back. It's hard to identify from which segment of society this might emerge. The chattering political class, those high in knowledge but also in partisan identification? No, that seems unlikely. The great unwashed middle part of America? Maybe. One would hope so. But if that were the case, CNN would be improving in its audience numbers at the expense of MSNBC and Fox. So far, that's not happening. Hopeful thinking on the part of certain elites? Probably yes. Count me among them, except that I hardly qualify as elite.
To be fair, I'm relying on a brief ABC bit and I've not read the book, so until then I can't really truly comment on the premise in any detail, other than to say -- I hope it's right.
Thanks to colleague Karen Russell for pointing this out to me on Facebook, and colleague Karen King for her comments. In a desperate need of something to blog about, I shamelessly lift this from my FB wall and plop it here. In it,this New Yorker piece briefly discusses Amazon.com's analysis of cities and book buying. Here's the list below.
When we think of books we automatically think of fiction, perhaps even serious fiction, but this Amazon list is all books. Boulder, Colo., for example, leads in books in the Cooking, Food, and Wine category. Alexandria, Virginia, is tops in children's books, therefore pushing it high on the overall purchase list. For all we know, Atlanta may make the list thanks to Christian fiction or non-fiction books.
Measuring per capita makes good sense. It does control for population size. We do this in crime statistics too, such as murders per 10,000 people, so apples are compared to apples, oranges to oranges, and murders to murders. But you can screw the pooch here. Where do you draw the lines for "Atlanta" makes all the difference in computing crime (and book sales) statistics. Even the pros who do this for a living make mistakes.
This is a direct measure only of buying some type of book (good or crap) from Amazon.com. Not reading books. So the good bookstore argument above may confound the results. The only way to get at "reading" versus "buying on Amazon" is to use survey data that asks specifically how often you read a book.
All in all, I love lists. They give us something to argue about, or to make fun of (Madison, Wisc., where are you? And where's Athens, Ga.?). But as I often preach on this blog when talking about media and political knowledge, it's the methodology that gets you most in trouble.
Amazon calls this a measure of the "best read cities." It's not. It's a measure of "most Amazon-buying cities."
Here's a nice blog post that sums up research about what people know. It's quite insightful about the standard text and how the data is a bit old and there are significant questions about how we measure political knowledge. On a day when I'm actually running out the door and out of town, it's a good item to point to rather than come up with something useful myself to say.
One final point. People who read about politics in the newspaper know more about politics than others, but only when it comes to a particular area: the people and political parties involved in politics. In other words, reading the newspaper doesn't seem to help people understand how politics works or the substance of political issues. As Delli Carpini and Keeter point out, knowledge and understanding of politics depends not only on the will to learn about politics and the resources to achieve that goal, but also the opportunity to learn about it in the first place.
But that's for another day, when I'm not traveling.
When we speak of what people know (or don't know), Sarah Palin has her own special category.
It's a fairly standard, and often undiscussed for obvious reasons, finding in political knowledge research -- women do poorly as compared to men in tests of what people know. I've blogged about this before.
I bravely return to this topic.
Why? Because there's a study published in Journal of Politics that attempts to explain why gender differences occur. It uses a strategy I've blogged about before, one previous studies have used, to help explain why women tend to do less well than men. A number of theories have been posited to explain this gap. Men guess more than women on such questions and the way we construct a political knowledge index tends to score "no answer" and an incorrect answer the same. In other words, a of their few guesses will be right, thus giving men the advantage versus women who if they don't know, will simply say they don't know. But a more plausible explanation is the kinds of questions we ask.
When we include political knowledge measures that ask for information on the present state of women in American politics, we see women’s traditional gender disadvantage wiped out. Women in the survey reported here hold as much information about women’s place in politics as do men. This offers support for the notion that knowledge levels are, in part, a reflection of the content of the items we employ.
To put it simply, methodology matters. Unfortunately there are no media variables in the study and I'd be curious to know if exposure to the news plays any role in creating differences, or evening the results, depending on the kinds of questions one asks to men and women. It's an interesting question, one worth exploring.
We all use Facebook, and apparently more young people can name the guy who created it than can name the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, so says this new Pew survey.
In all fairness, Mark Zuckerberg did have a movie made about him. John Boehner? Well tanned, he runs the people's house, and he tears up occasionally -- not the same as a major film or 500 million "friends."
The results are interesting, especially the age breakdown (see below). Among 18-29 year olds, 63 percent correctly identified the founder of Facebook (Zuckerberg). Only 21 percent in that age bracket correctly identified the Speaker (Boehner). So let's jump to the 50-64 year olds. Among that illustrious group (um, mine), 58 percent knew Zuckerberg (not half bad) and 58 percent knew Boehner (respectable). In other words, older respondents have a more well-rounded knowledge, or at least that's my interpretation and I'm sticking to it.
Young people, on average, have lower levels of education, are more likely to identify with the Democratic Party and are generally less interested in politics — all of which are linked to lower levels of political knowledge generally and, at least for education and partisanship, knowledge of Boehner in particular. Wide awareness of Zuckerberg among young people may be due to the fact that 86 percent of Internet users ages 18-29 use social networking sites.
Plausible hypotheses, to be sure. Ability (education) and motivation (interest) play key roles in predicting political knowledge and, in general, young people tend to score lower on tests of political knowledge. A less likely hypothesis, also raised by Clement, is the role of party affiliation. Yes, young people may be more likely to be Democrats, but I doubt they'd do any better identifying the Senate majority leader (a Dem) than they were in identifying the Speaker of the House (a Republican).
The full table is reproduced below.

Sergio Marchionne has said it is unlikely that Ferrari will follow Formula 1 rival Mercedes into Formula E in the near future, but is open to entering one of the other Fiat brands like Alfa Romeo or Maserati.
Ferrari president Marchionne had a meeting with Mercedes motorsport boss Toto Wolff on the morning of the Hungarian Grand Prix, and one of the topics they discussed was the future of FE.
Only last week, Mercedes dropped a bombshell when it announced that it would be quitting the DTM at the end of 2018 to pursue FE the following season.
A few days later Porsche announced it own FE move as it pulled the plug on its LMP1 project in WEC.
Ferrari has long hinted about getting involved in FE, because of the growing momentum towards electric road cars.
However, Marchionne thinks that any bid to join the electric racing series would not be with Ferrari but instead with one of the other brands within the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) group – which includes Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Fiat, Dodge and Chrysler.
Asked about a possible FE entry, Marchionne said: "I talked with Toto, but I do not think Ferrari enters directly.
"However, we are thinking of doing so as FCA. And if we will enter, with one of the brands from the group, we do not know which one it will be right now."

17.12.15 New music video released!
17.12.15 Pre-order new SB! -album “Nothing Out Of Nothing” !


42.0 birds were sitting in a tree. Then 29.0 more flew up to the tree.  How many are there in the tree? Answer:

How many people must be there in a room to make the probability 100% that two people in the room have same birthday?
Answer: 367 (since there are 366 possible birthdays, including February 29).
The above question was simple. Try the below question yourself.
How many people must be there in a room to make the probability 50% that two people in the room have same birthday?
The number is surprisingly very low. In fact, we need only 70 people to make the probability 99.9 %.

How long would it take to fly anywhere on Earth using a SpaceX rocket?
How long would it take to fly anywhere on Earth using a SpaceX rocket?
Answer: less than an hour.
Before he gets us to Mars, Elon Musk wants to get us anywhere on Earth in under an hour.
At Friday’s International Astronautical Conference, the CEO of SpaceX revealed the company’s plans for its largest airborne vehicle yet, the BFR. While originally intended to facilitate SpaceX’s goal of putting humans on Mars by 2024, Musk announced that he also envisions using the rocket for high-speed Earth travel.
The world’s longest flight — from Doha, Qatar, to Auckland, New Zealand — currently takes 16.5 hours. However, with SpaceX’s BFR rocket, flight time would be just 45 minutes.

Gregory built seven motorcycles. He sells each for $900.00. How much money did Gregory earn selling his motorcycles?
Albert sent a letter to his penpal everyday for the entire month of January and February. How many letters did Albert send his penpal?
Answer: Albert sent his penpal 59 letters.
Calvin owns a restaurant. He pays $1,200.00 a month in rent. How much rent does Calvin pay a year?
Answer: Calvin pays $14,400.00 in rent a year.
Gina pays $80.00 for cable service a month. How much money does Gina pay for cable a year?
Answer: Gina pays $960.00 for cable a year.
If Nelson drives 55 miles per hour hour, how long will it take him to reach Miami, Florida, 165 miles away?
Answer: It will take Nelson 3 hours.
William is a chef and cooked three different dishes. He sold them to his friend Nilda for $60.00 each. How much money did William earn?

If a farmer buys chicken feed for £4 per tonne, pig feed for £3 per tonne and cattle feed for 40p per tonne. How much of each would he have if he had 100 tonnes for £100?
Answer: 8 tonnes of chicken feed, 12 tonnes of pig feed and 80 tonnes of cattle feed.

Which one has more carbs? 100g of rice or pasta? Answer: They are pretty much the same!!! Pasta has 131 calories and 25grams of carbs and rice has 130 calories and 28grams of carbs. How many of you got that one correct? Goes to show that you can keep on track with your diet without having to eat the same boring thing everyday.

Question: An empty bus pulls up to a stop and 10 people get on. At the next stop 5 people get off and twice as many people get on as at the first stop. At the third stop 25 get off.
How many people are on the bus at this point?
Answer: Just 1, the driver.

How might your mail be arriving in the future?
How might your mail be arriving in the future?
Answer: in a self-driving mail truck.
But don’t worry, there will still be a person in the truck for your dog to bark their head off at.
The United States Postal Service (USPS) released a report last week stating that the agency plans to integrate self-driving tech into its fleet of 228,000 vehicles. In partnership with the University of Michigan, USPS plans to build an Autonomous Rural Delivery Vehicle and start using it on 28,000 rural routes as early as 2025.

Answer:-No, not at all, I'm on local anesthesia.. ...why don't you try again.
Answer:- No, its terrible and made of adulterated cement. We occassionaly also spit on it.
Stupid Question:- Munna,Chickoo, you've become so big!!
Answer:- No,he's a miserable wife-beating ,insensitive lout...it's just the money.
Answer:- No. I was doing research on whether the Zulu tribes in Africa marry or not. You thought I was sleeping.... you dumb witted moron !!
Answer:- No, its autumn and I'm shedding.... ..
Stupid Question:- Oh, so you smoke ?
Answer:- Gosh, it's a miracle ............ it was a piece of chalk and now it's in flames!!!

Which snake is the heaviest in the world? Answer: The Water Boa aka The Anaconda. Have you ever seen an Anaconda in real life? Scales & Tails Utah has one and she’ll be the star of the show at this month’s kid’s workshop. Come learn about this fascinating group of snakes that include: Red Tail Boas, Kenyan Sand Boas, Dumerils Boas and many others just to name a few.

When is it spring in the Southern hemisphere?
When is it spring in the Southern hemisphere?
Question: When is it spring in the Southern hemisphere?
Answer: From September to December.

At first glance, we see a pig. But where is the farmer?
Answer:Look at the left side of the picture and you will see the profile of the farmer’s face.

A man was lying in the middle of the desert dead, with a ring on his finger. There was no wounds on the victim. How did the man die?
Answer: The man died by not pulling the parachute ring soon enough so he fell to his death.

What are people dying from?
Answer: well, people die from many things!
Are to many people dying now?
Why do people lie about dying when there really not?
Answer: It is unfortunate that people would do this but for some reasons they have of their own they do. Attention, lonliness, jealousy and possibly even control issues over the individual(s) the person have told.
What is the main cause of people dying in the us?
Answer: The main cause of people dying in the US as well as in the world is their heart stops circulating blood to the brain which deprives it of oxygen and thus all activity in the body ceases and the person dies. The causes of the heart ceasing to beat are to numerous to count. The ultimate cause of death is as stated.
Why do dying people see things that are not there?
Answer: they want to see all the important moments and memories in their lives.
Why are so many people in your family dying lately?
Answer: So many people are dying lately because many health problems arepresenting themselves. Health is not what it used to be.
Do people throw up when dying?
Answer: Some people will throw up when they are dying. This just depends onhow their body handles the process of passing away.
What do people experience before dying?
Answer: People experience denial, anger, bargaining, depression, then acceptance before dying. Death is change. Anyone making any kind of change will go through these stages. The time it takes is subjective. The more aware we become, the better we will be able to handle this process. Death can be a beautiful experience or a horrible one depending on our intention. The earlier we can learn to embrace change, the better prepared we will be for an eventual wihdrawal from the physical. At the last moment you can call out to someone you know who has preceded you and they will be there to aid you in the beginning of the assimilation process, the process of assessing the progress of this lifetime in addition to all the rest of them in preparation for the next time around. Most of us have a long way to go. The good news is that the learnig potential is speeding up so anyone at this present time can speed up their own evolution through study and practice.
What diseases were the people in the Crimean war dying from?
Answer: lots of things really!!
The rating of people dying from salmonella?
Answer: Statistics show about 1,000 per year.
Why do dying people call out the name of the living?
Does anyone experience the spirit of dying people?
Answer: some do but most do not.
Answer: Whether to keep a dying person on life support is a personal orfamily decision. If the person is suffering it might not be fair tokeep them on life support.
How many people are dying in the world daily?
Answer: a lot thats for sure.
What is the percentage of people dying from strokes?
10 percent of stroke victims require care in a nursing home or other long-term care facility.
15 percent die shortly after the stroke.
While subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents only about 7 percent of all strokes, it is the most deadly - with more than a 50 percent fatality rate. Of the survivors, approximately half will suffer permanent disability.
What is the percentage of people dying from strokes?
Answer: 10 percent of stroke victims recover almost completely.
10 percent of stroke victims require care in a nursing home or other long-term care facility.
15 percent die shortly after the stroke.
While subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents only about 7 percent of all strokes, it is the most deadly - with more than a 50 percent fatality rate. Of the survivors, approximately half will suffer permanent disability.
What is the percentage of people dying from Anorexia?
Answer: Roughly 10% of all anorexics will die directly as a result of the disorder, or directly from a Sid effect from the disorder.
How long does dying one live with cheyne strokes breathing?
Answer: Cheyne stoking, sadly, happens just before death. It can last minutes or hours; every person is different. By the time cheyne stoking is apparent, in my opinion, the person is no longer aware of their surroundings.
What percentage of cardiovascular disease and strokes are preventable?
Is it true dying people wait for loved ones to leave the room before dying?
Answer: No, they wait for their loved ones to arrive.
Actually it is extremely common for a dying person to wait until the loved one leaves the room. A loved one may hold vigil for days, step out of the room for just a moment, and that is when the dying person passes.
It is supposedly to protect the loved one from letting them see when they take their last breath.
Why do people have strokes?
Answer: Why do people have strokes?
Why do people get strokes?
Answer: People have a stroke when a blood clot forms in an artery. When theblood clot travels to your brain, that is when you have a stroke.
Why do people suffer strokes?
Answer: Stroke is a medical condition where part of the brain dies as aresult from a blood clot. The blod clot blocks the flow of blood tothe part, depriving that part of the brain with oxygen andnutrients. As such, paralysis of body parts which that part of thebrain controls, ensues.
Why are strokes important to people?
Answer: Strokes can lead to cognitive (brain) and physical damage, from mild to severe implications. In severe stroke, a person can be left without the capacity to think, feel, and move their body.
At what age do people commonly get strokes?
Answer: Stroke happens due to injury in head which causes some part or function of your brain inactive or half dead because cells get dead which may cause stammering or inability to move etc effecting some particular part of your body or you may experience seizures, it varies it can happen at any age.
What kills more people each year than heat strokes?
Answer: Breast cancer kills more women than heart disease.
What is the percentage of a spouse dying after another spouse dies?
Answer: to help prepare you for whats to come, and to encourage you to change the things that you can.
How do people try to get up when they are dying?

How do people in the 1830s cure burns?
Answer: People used what they had handy in those days, and some of the practices are still used. They boiled chestnut leaves and used the resulting tea for burns, which may have been helpful. They also scraped raw potatoes and put that on the burn, which was also probably useful.Some of the things they did were not helpful, and probably made the burns worse. One thing was to put butter on it. Butter seals the heat in, so it continues to damage the tissue.
Level of government that people expected to cure the economic ills?
Where does UV radiation come from?
Answer: electromagnetic radiation allows me to listen to the radio; heat radiation makes me warm at the beach; sound radiation carries your speech to me; ionizing radiation allows the sterilization of hospital supplies.
Is there radiation in pee?
Answer: Yes. studies have shown that small amounts of micro wavelengths are in human urine.
How can radiation help us?
Answer: you are possibly looking at a symbol for gamma.
How is radiation used in your lives?
What is Radiation Poisoning from?
Answer: High levels of radiation. When gamma rays from say a nuclear meltdown come in contact with humans they pass through the whole body. As they pass through some of their energy is converted into thermal energy which damages bits of tissue throughout the body.
So basically your organs get a lot tiny burns.
Is UV radiation good or bad or both?
What happens if a person has too much radiation?
How does radiation cure people?
Radiation cure disease by being toxic to the tissues exposed to it. This means it would destroy both diseased and healthy tissues alike. Fortunately, modern technology allows us to focus the radiation more precisely and narrowly.
How does radiation cure people?
Answer: Radiation cure disease by being toxic to the tissues exposed to it. This means it would destroy both diseased and healthy tissues alike. Fortunately, modern technology allows us to focus the radiation more precisely and narrowly.
Can radiation cure certain disease?
Answer: Radiation therapy is routinely used in the treatment of cancers. The radiation is not actually curing the condition, it is destroying the cancerous cells.
Answer: It depends on the type of disease and what type of radiation you hove, so yes, radiation can cure some diseases.
Has anyone ever figured out a way to reverse or cure the UV Radiation on skin and hair?
Answer: No. Usually doctors will tell you to stay out of the sun if you aretrying to protect your skin or hair, but if you are talking aboutexisting damage passed through genetics, I would think that thehuman body is resilient enough to repair that over time, althoughas we age and our bodies break down we might lose that resilience.
How much radiation was given to the people after the TMI accident?
Answer: 1 Millirem. Which is less than their yearly dose.
How many people have died from radiation sickness?
Answer: Leukemia, Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma, Nervous system tumors and their response relation were observed for all solid nodules, adenoma, and nodules without histological diagnosis, autoimmune hypothyroidism, stomach tumors and breast diseases. The population has a long follow-up (50 years) and includes both sexes and all ages of exposure, allowing a direct compilation of risks by these factors. the population has a long follow-up (50 years) and includes both sexes and all ages of exposure, allowing a direct compilation of risks by these factors. Because of the use of Japanese family registration system, mortality data are virtually complete for survivors who remained in Japan.
The result in the coral reefs in the Bimini Island who were demolished by nuclear blast came alive again after 50 years.
What jobs expose people to radiation?
Answer: Gears Of War 2, You NoOb.
Do radiation therapists work with other people?
Why was polio cure good for the people?
Is there a way to cure people with growth spurts?

Question: How do you write a good novel in which the protagonist has an evil story goal?
Answer: Though they are more rare, there are stories told from the point of view of an immoral or villainous person. Shakespeare's Macbeth is one example. A Clockwork Orange is another.
In first person narration, reading such a story feels like having a mobster mistake you for his best friend. On the one hand, it's flattering to have him share his life story with you, while on the other hand you can mentally step back and pass judgment on his crimes.
Traditionally, villainous protagonists were the subject of tragedies. You read such stories to see how their mistakes and character flaws led to their downfall. Tragedies were lessons on how to not lead your life -- don't be greedy, selfish, overly ambitious, etc.
More problematic are the villainous protagonists who win in the end. Their stories can be disconcerting because they offend our natural sense of moral justice. The thematic message they deliver is a sense that something is wrong with the world (society, the universe, God, etc.). A system that would allow a villain to win must itself be a corrupt and immoral system in need of reform. Such a story is disturbing because people like to draw comfort from the notion that they understand the rules of the world, and that understanding makes the world fair and just. Seeing a villain win destroys that illusion.
So I would suggest you decide what your thematic message will be. Are your writing a tragedy or an indictment of the world?
Next, it helps a lot if you can make your villain appealing. This may mean giving him charm, humour, a backstory that evokes sympathy, flaws that the reader can relate to, or perhaps one or two traits that are admirable.
Consider that Ebenezer Scrooge has his endearing qualities (he enjoyed games and dancing). Even Satan in Paradise Lost comes across as admirable for his championing of individual freedom: "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven."
Finally, it may help to give your character an inner conflict. Show us either the arc of his downfall or (if he starts out nasty) let him be pressured to reform but ultimately refuse to change.

How long does it take to get to Huntsville Texas from Georgetown Texas?
Answer: The distance between the starting point and the destination is 166mi, (267 km), and will take approximately 3 hours 18 minutes of driving time.
How far from Allen Texas georgetown Texas?
Take U.S. 75 SOUTH from Allen to I-35E SOUTH to DALLAS at EXIT 1A.
Take I-35 SOUTH to Georgetown.
How far from Georgetown Texas is Temple Texas?
Answer: About 30 to 40 minutes.
How far is it from Georgetown Texas to Charlotte Virginia?
Answer: Charlotte is in North Carolina, or do you mean Charlottesville, VA?
How far of a drive is it from San Antonio to Georgetown Texas?
Answer: It is 106.66 miles according to MapQuest.
What is the distance from Georgetown Texas to Austin Texas?

What kind of character does whippet have?
Answer "What kind of character does whippet have?"
What kind of character does whippet have?
This "What kind of character does whippet have?" answer for dog breed Whippet was viewed by 1399 visitors.
In general, whippets are very calm and smart companion dogs. It is easy for them to sleep all day on their loved sofa. They never show an aggression towards other animals. No matter what happens, whippets are very loyal to their owners but still treat all the strangers very well. Whippets do not tend to bite, so they can be safely left with small children.
They can bark at strangers, but sometimes they just don't want to, so these dogs will not fit a role of a guard dog. They are non-suspect and trusting. However, when they are running on the street or participating in the run, whippets will show a truly excellent performance by pursuing their "offender" (even if it is an artificial rabbit) with the courage of a lion.
Answer for dog breed "Whippet"
How do I care for my whippet?
RU: Какой характер у Уиппетов?
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An OTA is working with a patient with mild vision loss. One of the goals for this patient is to read while they are sitting in their recliner in their living room. What three interventions would be BEST to introduce with this patient?
Answer: A,B,C. This patient has a goal of reading independently while in his recliner in the living room. A computer software program will not allow him to relax independently to read and relax.

When I watch videos of people practicing kendo I often hear them make weird sounds. What is that sound for?
Answer: Thanks for your question. I am not sure what kinds of sounds you are referring to. Can you be more specific?

How many men were there in the beginning?
How many men were there in the beginning?
Let the number of men in the beginning be X.
Then, the number of men in the beginning was 40.
Hence, the correct answer is option (1) 40.


Cindy’s mom baked 41.0 cookies. Paul’s dad ate 38.0. How many cookies are left? Answer:

just wanted to know, during pregnancy it was advised not to eat deli meats soft cheeses and runny eggs etc. now that i have had my baby,and im breast feeding can i eat foods now?
Answer: Hi Silvana, Here is a great website that offers safe foods for pregnancy and breast feeding. Best wishes, Alex.

What are the benefits of getting your ducts cleaned?
Air duct cleaning also saves you money on your energy bill.
Answer: because they are dirty!

How many white dots should there be on the wings of the last ladybug?
Answer:Three. The difference between the number of black and white dots is always two. The last ladybug should have three white dots.

Question: There are several books on a bookshelf. If one book is the 4th from the left and 6th from the right, how many books are on the shelf?
Answer: 9. Try sketching the problem out to see it.
Haha. There could also be seventeen in that case.

1. Where do frogs usually live in the hot season?
Answer: Buried at the bottom of ponds.

41. Kathleen and Glenn decide that this is the year to begin getting serious about saving for their retirement by participating in their employers' 401k plans. As aresult, they each have $3000 of their salary set aside in their qualified plans.
0*0.20 = 800. Answer: $800. b. Joel is under 18 at the end of the year, so he is not eligible for the credit. Answer: $0.

Answer: Ohio, but driving in California.
Answer: Colorado resident on spotting a car with Texas plate.
Answer: Florida "seasoned citizen" driver, also known as "no-see-um"

How many teaspoons of dried apricots in 3/4 gram?
How many teaspoons of dried apricots in 3/4 gram?
(*) or precisely 0.18949 US teaspoon. All values are approximate.

5 lizards are on the ceiling. 3 of them decided to jump on a person passing by. How many lizards are left on the ceiling?
Answer: 5. Deciding to do something isn’t the same as taking action.
It’s easy to declare those things. Much harder to follow through and actually do it.
Making a decision is nice. But execution is where life happens.
PS: I hate lizards. I hope none will ever jump on me or you.
just subscribe your blog. so inspiring and motivating.
looking forward to work with you ulit Sir.

How many tbsp of quinoa in 4 grams?
How many tbsp of quinoa in 4 grams?
(*) or precisely 0.35547 US tablespoon. All values are approximate.

Share a funny math related question plus your answer here.
We will only see the clock showing THREE unique times everyday.
Which times will the clock show?
00:00 am, 11:11 am and 22:22 pm.
I bought extremely many apples and then I gave away 10 apples to a friend.
How many apples did I still have?
I still have extremely many apples minus 10 apples.
John decides to rob a bank, the amount of money he steals is directly proportional to the amount of time he spends robbing the bank. When John stole $8,000, he took 20 minutes.
Answer: both for X and Y: John was arrested.

is there any chance that this feature is now possible somewhere?
where users choose a picture to upload from computer and on the side they will see a small preview of what they are uploading.
Please take a loot at our Image Upload Preview widget.

What is a wedding dress? how much are wedding dresses – elegant clothes, which are usually worn at the wedding ceremony or during the wedding ceremony to the bride. The classic wedding dress is traditionally white, but the colors of the dress are practically unlimited. Not only is the palette of shades of how much are wedding dresses diverse, but also the style decisions used in tailoring.
This is certainly the registration of marriage in the registry office, a long white wedding dress, or how much are wedding dresses, veil, witnesses from the bride and groom, multi-story cake, the standard waltz of the bride with his father and many other well-known wedding cliches.
Often, you can face the fact that relatives are beginning to rebel, even from the fact that the bride chooses a dress not white, how much are wedding dresses, or non-standard style, refuses veils or other familiar attributes. Such a wedding immediately gets the name of non-standard and even informal!
Choose how much are wedding dresses!

It will feature authors of all types of genre fiction and will be held in Troy, Michigan Aug. 12-14. Check out http://www.rustcitybookcon.com.
Posted on May 3, 2016 by terryoparka.	This entry was posted in Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink.
← Image: My first book signing. Paperback Outlet rocks!

in the e format. The print editions should be available soon!
Posted on April 8, 2017 by terryoparka.	This entry was posted in Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink.

Find-Taxi Clerkenwell provides details of taxi companies and minicab firms serving all of Clerkenwell. And through our fast & intuitive map-based multi-stop taxi journey price calculator you'll get accurate cab fare price estimates and be able to book your taxi online. With our mobile taxi calculator you can even compare taxi fares on your mobile iPhone, Blackberry or Android smart phone.

G4 Clear Pond Sealer 5kg: Concrete Pond Accessories: Pond Liners - Buy pond equipment from Pondkeeper: fishing out the best deals on the net.
The best pond sealant, beware of imitators!
Concrete-based ponds need the final render sealing to stop the water getting in and lime leaking out. The amount of G4 you will need depends on the internal dimensions of your pond. For example let's say the pond is 3m x 2m and 1m deep.
1) Work out the area of the bottom (in our example 3 x 2m = 6sqm).
2) Find the area of one of the sides. then multiply by 2 to cover both sides (in example sides 1 = 2 x 1 = 2sqm x 2 = 4sqm).
3) Find the area of the other pair of sides: (in example sides 2 = 3 x 1 = 3sqm x 2 = 6sqm).
4) Add up sides and floor (6sqm + 4sqm + 6sqm = 16sqm).
5) Multiply total by 550gsm = 16 x 0.55kg = 8.8kg.

Dozens of American cargos with high valuable goods have disappeared, probably attacked by modern pirates. The United States decide to mobilize a team of expert SWAT, with Mike Bradley as leader, sending them to destroy the pirates' base, namely a deserted oil rig near Turkey. But these are cleverly waiting for them.
No reviews for U.S. Seals yet.
there is a new movie directed by Yossi Wein.
the price for U.S. Seals drops.
there are new images or links available for U.S. Seals.

If Starla paid $40.00 before tax, how many napkins did she buy? A.
Drag each equation to the correct location on the model. Not all equations will be used.
Arrange the steps to show how to solve for x.

The Burner Management System (BMS) Market report provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Burner Management System (BMS) industry analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status.
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