Christina just transferred $ 69.0 out of her bank account. As a result, the account now has $ 26935.0 in it. How much money was in the account before the transfer? Answer:

Practice the questions given in the worksheet on word problems on minuend and subtrahend.
1. Jack deposited $341256 in his bank account. He withdrew $100368. How much is left in his account?
2. Pat bought a house for $682396. He sold it for $765000. How much did he earn?
3. The sum of two numbers are 963562. One number is 493098. Find the other number?
4. A factory manufactured 432368 toys and sold 296431 out of them. How many toys were left unsold?
5. Kelly had $535426 with her. She spent $420228 to purchase different items. How much is left with her?
6. The total population of men and women in a city is 842579. If the population of men is 594025, find the population of women in the city?
Answers for the worksheet on word problems on minuend and subtrahend are given below to check the exact answers of the above questions.

Tourist Arrivals in Cambodia increased to 453370 in October from 426274 in September of 2018. Tourist Arrivals in Cambodia averaged 417008.82 from 2012 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 701886 in December of 2017 and a record low of 283787 in September of 2013.
Tourist Arrivals in Cambodia is expected to be 601900.00 by the end of this quarter, according to Trading Economics global macro models and analysts expectations. Looking forward, we estimate Tourist Arrivals in Cambodia to stand at 605100.00 in 12 months time. In the long-term, the Cambodia Tourist Arrivals is projected to trend around 610000.00 in 2020, according to our econometric models.
This page provides the latest reported value for - Cambodia Tourist Arrivals - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news. Cambodia Tourist Arrivals - actual data, historical chart and calendar of releases - was last updated on April of 2019.

Subtraction is the method by which we know the remaining after taken away some quantity from a certain quantity.
Step 1: Arrange the digits of the numerals as per the place value chart.
Step 2: Now subtract ones from ones, tens from tens and so on.
Minuend: The number from which other number is subtracted.
Subtrahend: The number which is subtracted from the other number.
Difference: When a number is subtracted from other, the product is called difference.
Subtract 15 lakhs from 12 crores.
The sum of two numbers is 7894562. If one of the numbers is 564897 then find the other.
A water tank contains 9800365 litre water. 456876 litre water is replaced by 9864 cubic stones. Find the remaining amount of water in the tank?
There are two boxes, first box contains only red balls whereas second box contains blue and white balls. Number of red, blue and white balls are 456456, 745879, and 25463 respectively. Jack threw all the white balls out of box. Find the remaining number of balls in the second box.
Second box contains two types of coloured balls blue and white. Jack threw all the white coloured balls out of box.
A and B represents two different villages. Population of the village A is 758945 in which 548796 are educated. Population of the village B is 879456 in which 256456 are educated. Find the total number of uneducated people.
Therefore, total number of uneducated people = 210149 + 623000 = 833149 .
Addition is the operation to know the total quantity when two or more than two quantities are taken together.
The numbers which are added together called addend and the problems is called sum.
When two or more than two numbers are added, the product is called sum.
Subtraction is the method by which we know the remaining after taken away some quantity from a certain quantity.
The sum of a number and 0 is equal to the number itself.
The result of subtractions is called the difference between the numbers.
Plus and minus are Latin words. In Latin plus means more and minus means less.
In the USA, -7 is pronounced as negative seven instead of minus seven.
Choose correct option for the expression 12 crores - 12 thousands.
Cody goes 45607 km north and returns back then he goes 84659 km east and returns back. Find the total distance covered by him.
Total distance covered by Cody = 45607 km + 45607 km + 84659 km + 84659 km = 260532 km.
Difference of the two numbers is 5648 less than 908564. If one of the numbers is 789006, find the other number from the following.
P = 454658, Q = 400085, R = 408789. Which one of the following is the greatest?
A + B is greater than C + D. Choose the correct option.
(a) If C is greater than A, B must be greater than D.
(b) If A is greater than C, D must be greater than B.
(c) If A is greater than D, B must be greater than D.
(d) If D is greater than A, B must be equal to D.

An uplift is the percentage or value of an increase in the conversion rate or other success metric of the challenger variant compared to the control variant.
In the example below the default conversion rate for registration completion is 10.48%. Variant 2 though achieved a conversion rate for registration of 13.72%. If we divide the variant 2 conversion rate (13.72%) by the default (10.48%) and multiply by 100 we get 130.91% or an uplift of 30.91%.

Question: What are next two numbers in the given series? 2, 12, 360, 75600, ?, ?
The next two numbers are 174636000 and 5244319080000.

GDP Constant Prices in Saudi Arabia increased to 682514 SAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2018 from 653714 SAR Million in the third quarter of 2018. GDP Constant Prices in Saudi Arabia averaged 927204.33 SAR Million from 1970 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1925394.03 SAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2008 and a record low of 476504.51 SAR Million in the second quarter of 2010.
GDP Constant Prices in Saudi Arabia is expected to be 645960.10 SAR Million by the end of this quarter, according to Trading Economics global macro models and analysts expectations. Looking forward, we estimate GDP Constant Prices in Saudi Arabia to stand at 667441.99 in 12 months time. In the long-term, the Saudi Arabia GDP Constant Prices is projected to trend around 700549.79 SAR Million in 2020, according to our econometric models.
This page provides the latest reported value for - Saudi Arabia GDP Constant Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news. Saudi Arabia GDP Constant Prices - actual data, historical chart and calendar of releases - was last updated on April of 2019.

Would it be possible to cancel and refund booking# APJ7X5?
I'd like to cancel my tickets 401600461, 401600460, 401600519, 401600518. Thank you!

Hemavathi cut a cake into two halves and cuts one half into smaller pieces of equal size. Each of the small pieces is fifteen grams in weight. If she has nine pieces of the cake in all with her, how heavy was the original cake ?
Hemavathi cut a cake into two halves and cuts one half into smaller pieces of equal size. Each of the small pieces is fifteen grams in weight. If she has nine pieces of the cake in all with her, how heavy was the original cake ?
Answer : 1 240 gms Explanation : Answer: A) 240 gms Explanation: The nine pieces consist of 8 smaller equal pieces and one half cake piece.Weight of each small piece = 15 g.So, total weight of the cake = [2 x (15 x 8)]g = 240 g.

How much does 45 gallons of water weigh?
How much does 45 gallons of water weigh?
45 US gallons of water is about 375.75 pounds.
How much does one gallon of salt water weigh?
Weight of 1 US Gallon of water = approx. 8.35 lb (about 3.785 kg) Weight of 1 Imperial gallon (i.e. UK measure) of water weighs 10 pounds (4.536 kg) by definition, at a specified temperature and pressure.
How much does 50 gallons of water weigh?
Answer . A US gallon of fresh water weighs approximately 8.345404 pounds, so 50 gallons would weigh approximately 417.2702 pounds.
How much does 55 gallons of water weigh?
458.7 pounds \nSince a gallon of water weighs approximately 8.34 pounds, 55 gallons weigh 55 x 8.34 = 458.7 pounds.
How much does a us gallon of water weigh?
About 8.35 pounds or 3.8 (3.787496) kilograms. ---------------------- An Imperial gallon of water has the mass 4,54609 kg. Both are non-SI units and may create confusion.
How much does a gallon of oily water weigh?
Answer . Pure water weights 8.33 pounds per US gallon. Mix any oil with it and it will weigh somewhat less, depending on the amount of oil.
How much does one imperial gallon of water weigh?
Weight of ImperialGallon of Water . 1 gallon [UK] = 1.201 gallon [US, liquid] . One US gallon weighs 8.34 pounds, so an imperial gallon weighsabout 16.6 percent more, or almost exactly 10 pounds.
How much does a gallon of sugar water weigh?
How much does a gallon of heavy water weigh?
How much does ten gallons of water weigh?
Freshwater roughly a little over 8 pounds per gallon with salt water depending upon the salinity level of the water. However, salt water is more dense and therefore more heavy than freshwater.
How much does 9 gallons of water weigh?
Considering 1 US gallon = 3.7854 liters 9 gallons = 34.0686 liters Assuming fresh water at atmospheric pressure and room temperature with density equals 1 gram per cubic centimeter then: 9 gallons = 34068.6 grams or 34.0686 kilograms.
How much does a frozen gallon of water weigh?
i weighs 50093 lbs you would think im lying but its true ! ive done it before and even my teacher did it and said it was correct so that's your answer if u don't want to believe me fine but no-one else is gonna tell u the answer!
How much does one gallon of water weigh in grams?
One US gallon is equal to 3.785 liters. Because water weighs 1kilogram per liter, one US gallon of water weighs 3.785 kilograms,or 3,785 grams.
How much does one gallon of water weigh in ounces?
One US gallon of water weighs 133.526464 ounces . The calculations for that answer are below:. 1 gallon = 8.345404 pounds1 pound = 16 ounces8.345404 X 16 = 133.526464.
How much does 3472 Gallons of water weigh?
1 gallon of water weighs 8.33 pounds, so 3472 gallons weigh in at 28,921 pounds , or 14.46 US Tons . This is also 13,118 kg.
If you freeze a gallon of water how much would it weigh?
It would weight the same. Water expands as it freezes so the volume would increase but weight would not change.
How much does 2000 gallons of water weigh?
1 gallon of water weighs 8.33 lbs, so 2000 gallons would weigh 16,660 lbs, or 8.33 (short) tons.
How much does twenty-five gallons of water weigh in pounds?
Water weighs 8 pounds per gallon. So, you would multiply 8 by 25 to get the result - you can do the math yourself.
How much does 305 gallons of water weigh?
One gallon weighs 10 lbs so 305 gallons weigh 3050 lbs. That is just over 3 US "short" tons or 1.36 British imperial tons.
How much does one UK gallon of water weigh?
4,54609188 kilograms There are 4,54609188 litres in an imperial gallon, one litre of water weighs 1 kilogram.
500 gallons of water weighs how much?
One gallon of water weighs 8.3 lbs, so 500 gallons weighs somewhere around 4,150 lbs.
How much does a 50 gallon container of water weigh?
Water weighs about 8.3 pounds per gallon or 1 gram per cc (ml) so the weight will be 415 lbs plus the weight of the container.
How much does a 55 gallon aquarium weigh when full of water?
How much is a 45 gallon of water?
\n45 gallons of water equals 10,395 cubic inches of space and weighs 374.85 pounds. Hopefully this was what you were looking for... if not, just ask me more specifically and \nI'll answer you right away.
How much does 80 gallons of water weigh?
How much does 17000 gallons of water weigh?
How much does 68 gallons of water weigh?
How much does 14645 gallons of water weigh?
How much does 9000 gallons of water weigh?
How much does 125 gallons water weigh?
Simply convert gallons to litres (UK) by multiplying by 4.546 and 1 litre is equal to 1 kg. So 125 gallons x 4.546 = 568 litre therefore 568kgs.
How much does one gallon of produced salt water weigh?
I believe it is the amount of a trash can divided by a squirrel then you multiply that by pie.
How much does 600000 gallons of water weigh in tons?
How much does 48.11 gallons of water weigh?
One gallon of water weighs about 8.34 pounds. So, 48.11 gallons x 8.34 pounds = about 401 pounds.
How much does 37 gallons of water weigh?
A gallon of water weighs about 8.35 lbs. so 37 x 8.35 = 308.95 lbs.
How much does 3717 gallons of water weigh?
1 gallon of water weighs 10 pounds so 3717 gallons of water would weight 37170 pounds.
How much does an empty 50 gallon water heater weigh?
It depends on what it's made of. Older will probably be heavier. I had one made about 12 years ago, electric, that weighed around 120 to 150 pounds empty. I couldn't easily lift it, but I could maneuver it in the basement and dragged it across the lawn in a cargo sled easy enough.
How much would 2402 gallons of water weigh in tons?
I get 10.018 tons. Most likely, the questioner chose the peculiar number "2402" gallons because he was fishing for the answer "10 tons".
How much does a forty gallon tank of water weigh?
40 gallons of water weighs roughly 334.2 pounds. (rounded) We have no way of knowing the weight of the tank.
How much does 45 gallons of concrete weigh when dry?
The weight of concrete depends on the materials used in the aggregate and the method used to prepare it. 45 gallons of a dense concrete mixture can weigh up to 1,500 pounds, and special lightweight aggregate prepared using foaming techniques may weigh as little as 200 pounds.
How much does one gallon of water weigh in liter?
Liter is another unit of volume , not really useful to express weights. One US gallon is 3.875 liter, which in water will be real close to 3.875 kilogram , or kilo for short, which is an unit of weight.
How much does 525 US gallons of water weigh?
525 US gallons of water weighs about 4,378.5 pounds or 2,189.25 short tons . Each US gallon of water weighs approximately 8.34 pounds.
How much does two-gallon bucket of water weigh?
How much does two gallon bucket of water weigh?
2 gallons of water weighs approximately 16.7 pounds. -I have no idea how much your bucket weighs.
How much does a 7000 gallon water tank weigh?
If it's full to the brim, then the water in it weighs about 58,419.7 pounds. I have no way to estimate the weight of the empty tank. I don't even know what it's made of.
How much does 32 gallons of water weigh?
An IMPERIAL Gallon of Water weighs 10 Pounds. The US Gallon weighs about 8.34 pounds. ANSWER is 32 x 10 equals 320 pound weight or 266.9 pounds.
How much does 15921 gallons of water weigh?
How much does 45 gallons of water weigh?

The integer 13824 is an even number.
The integer 13824 is a Composite number.
27096 is greater than 13824, so 13824 is an abundant number.

public and oral history "The Birth of Boston" project uses one of the only maps that exists of Boston in the seventeenth century and makes its history interactive with the our online interface. It is a movable web-map which users can click on land parcels that made up the town in 1648 to see details of each Boston inhabitant. The webmap was created with ArcGIS and combines the geographic data from the Samuel Chester Clough collection and person data from the Annie Haven Thwing collection, both housed at the Massachusetts Historical Society. The citizen data ranges from information on a person's spouses and children, to their occupation and participation in the Church and municipality. Commercial and legal documentation is also included, if the records exist. Overall, "The Birth of Boston" is a resource that incorporates spatial and social data to create a history of Boston's early years of settlement.
communication and media studies This poster session showcases a combination of gear, open source code, and teaching materials for producing VR video experiences that correspond to narrative GIS projects. In addition to our poster, our session will offer faculty the opportunity to experience VR made for narrative-based digital maps and a tutorial for producing VR experiences with accessibility in mind. Faculty will also be able to access the gear in both high cost and low cost production kits, maps to which VR video corresponds, and instructional materials outlining each piece of gear’s use. In addition, we will offer faculty syllabi, access to our projects, as well as the source code for our maps.
English Traveltext focuses on travel account of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It progressively however will incorporate the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It includes accounts written in English, French, German, Dutch and Italian. All accounts have been carefully read, and indexed based on two basic criteria, space and subject. The regions each traveler visited constitute a separate entry, cities, such as Istanbul and Athens included, and each of these entries is accompanied by a list of all themes each author wrote about each specific place, from political concerns to antiquities and relics to gift exchange and dinners and receptions. Further on, each passage, and list of themes is followed by specific tagging, with information deriving from the material, alongside relevant iconography. In short, Traveltext provides a detailed taxonomy of the contents of west European account to the Ottoman Empire, and permits the user to approach the material comparatively.
public and oral history Ce poster présente une étude pluridisciplinaire des relations qu'entretenaient et entretiennent deux cultures amérindiennes (yahgan et selk'nam) avec leurs territoires et leurs environnements sonores respectifs.
Ce sujet soulève plusieurs axes de réflexion: En quoi le paysage peut-il témoigner d'une culture? Comment démontrer, cartographier, mettre en évidence l'importance des sons? Comment étudier leurs territoires dans cette perspective? Quelle place occupe l'expérience de terrain dans cette démarche?
Au-delà de l'adaptation d'outils existants et de l'élaboration de nouvelles méthodes et protocoles, cette recherche interroge la place occupée par celui qui écoute, s'immerge et se déplace dans des _territoires témoins_ de cultures différentes de la sienne, avec toute la charge émotionnelle qu'implique le génocide de ces deux peuples aux cours des XIXe et XXe siècles.
English This study aims to an exploration of the seventeenth century Japanese authors’, Saikaku Ihara (c.1642–93), Dansui Hōjō (1663-1711) and Ichirōemon Nishimura (?-c.1696), writing style from a quantitative point of view. In this study, we compared Saikaku, Dansui, and Ichirōemon by the most frequent words, Japanese particles, Japanese particle bigrams, character unigram, character bigrams and character trigrams using principal component analysis (PCA) to see the differences in each author. Thus, Saikaku, Dansui and Ichirōemon’s novels made each group. Moreover, as said in qualitative research, Saikaku and Dansui’s novel showed closer and Ichirōemon showed different characteristics, specially Sayogoromo. We on-going digitize Dansui, Ichirōemon and the other writers' text data. In the future analysis, we will add works and the other writers for comparisons the relationship of the seventeenth century Japanese authors works.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) Our project-based research center aims to build digital archives from our university’s East Asian collections and promote East Asian cultural studies. In this paper, we will explain our project concepts of "openness" policy and current status.
Our digital collections are roughly divided into three groups, pre-modern Chinese materials, modern Japanese local resources, and archaeological research data related to ancient Japan.
We will provide the collections from the standpoint of the three concepts of “openness” and an open platform. The concepts are to open access to research resources, to wider research groups, and to provide research know-how. In addition, our open platform will employ the above three concepts of openness and provide a global search engine portal for East Asian IIIF collections.
Currently, we are building the digital archives with the aim of releasing them within FY2018.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) The poster will introduce the approach taken to migrate a large-scale digital letter edition with accompanying material to a new technical infrastructure.
The underlying project (Anonymous a, 2018) is concerned with the work on the scientific estate of a late 19th century linguist. The primary objective is the edition of the scientific correspondence, an endeavor being underway since decades.
The database comprises nearly 6500 full-text transcribed letters with facsimiles and editorial comments. In addition to a large bibliographical database of primary and secondary literature, a former funding period also produced thesauri for persons, places and subjects. The reason for the migration primarily lies in the increasing difficulty to maintain the proprietary infrastructure, which has been developed and extended for more than two decades.
English CORLI (CORpus, Languages and Interaction) is a consortium of Huma-Num (https://huma-num.fr) dedicated to the sharing of methodological approaches, tools and software, best practices and training within the community of linguists building and investigating corpora.
We present the complexities underlying ours goals.
cultural analytics With this poster, the EU-funded scholarly network _New Exploratory Phase in Research on East European Cultures of Dissent_ (NEP4DISSENT) wishes to invite collaboration in facilitating the integration of DH methods and tools by the multidisciplinary community built around the study and curatorship of the cultural legacy of resistance and dissent in former socialist countries in comparative and transnational perspective.
The research and capacity building agenda of NEP4DISSENT represents a complex and original challenge for the marketplace of digital research infrastructures due to its multidisciplinary character, the uneven propagation of DH research practices between disciplines and national scholarly communities East and West, the uneven digital readiness of the sources, as well as its multilinguality. On the other hand DH approaches, are uniquely qualified to explore in full scope that comparative and transnational dimension of the dissident networks of solidarity, which has been one of the most extraordinary aspects of that legacy.
epigraphy and paleography We are developing a new digital infrastructure to serve as a comprehensive digital network of Japanese historical resources. Using the system, we are constructing a new science framework for Japanese historical studies. The system enables access to resource data in universities, museums, and other institutes across Japan through interdisciplinary studies in the humanities and sciences. This paper introduces our system, which is called ‘Knowledgebase of Historical Resources in Institutes (khirin)’. As one of the khirin’s prospects, we present an application of the scientific resource data for Japanese historical studies. We also show that disseminating historical resource information can promote advanced collaboration in historical studies between relevant Japanese and international institutes.
English This study explores the relation between repetition and popularity in Dutch historical songs. We quantitatively model the relationship between popularity and various forms of repetition in the lyrics of 15k seventeenth century songs from the Dutch Song Database (Nederlandse Liederenbank).
To establish a ranking of songs reflecting their contemporary popularity, we approximate early modern hit charts in which the popularity of historical songs is defined as the interaction of several variables that affect the popularity of a song.
After that, we employ different methods of text compression to quantitatively estimate a song's degree of repetitiveness. We use (i) the Shannon entropy, (ii) the Lempel-Ziv-Welch-algorithm (LZW) and (iii) the Bloom Filter.
Using these compression methods as predictors, we model the relationship between popularity and repetition in early modern songs with regression models.
English The _LiLa: Linking Latin_ project was recently awarded funding from the European Research Council (ERC) to build a knowledge base of linguistic resources for Latin. LiLa responds to the growing need in the fields of Computational Linguistics and Humanities Computing to create an interoperable ecosystem of NLP tools and resources for the automatic processing of Latin. To this end, LiLa makes use of Linked Open Data (LOD) practices and standards to connect words to distributed textual and lexical resources via unique identifiers. In so doing, it builds rich knowledge graphs, which can be used for research and teaching purposes alike.
English The project examines the transfer of information between the courts of Vienna and Constantinople in the mid-17th century with the help of digital methods. It focuses in particular on written sources of diplomatic missions of that time, building on the hypothesis that composing these media followed specific rules and was shaped by various factors (e.g. transport conditions, personal interests). The media had great impact on knowledge transfer between Habsburg’s diplomats and the imperial court in Vienna and determined public perspectives of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, the computer-aided analysis of the sources is conducted from a media-scientific perspective.
1. The sources are available to the public as a digital edition. The texts are transcribed and enriched manually and automatically.
2. Analyses of the transcriptions will reveal dominant topics, diplomatic networks and structural specifics of the texts.
The resulting data is archived in a trusted digital repository.
public humanities and community engaged scholarship This poster will present the cooperative and collaborative services defined by a French-Italian Digital Library (DL) founded on the principles of public engagement . Cooperation and collaboration are often confused with each other, but our experience leads us to distinguish them in order to better achieve the purpose of our project.
scholarly publishing, open content and open science The European Research Infrastructure Consortium "Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities" (DARIAH-EU) promotes open access of methods, data and tools, and stands for responsible scholarly conduct and community engagement.
The Working Group on "Ethics and Legality in Digital Arts and Humanities" (ELDAH) is dedicated to addressing the needs of the DH research and education community regarding the topics of legal issues and research ethics by producing recommendations, training and information materials on IPR, open licenses and Open Science in general, and offering workshops on these topics to scholars in the context of DARIAH events across Europe.
This poster will inform the audience about the main activities and topics covered by the ELDAH Working Group and enable us to engage with colleagues from outside of Europe to exchange and learn from experiences and practices on legal and ethical aspects of their work.
communication and media studies This poster presents the first results of an ongoing project using Liquid Galaxy (LG) platform with a particular interest in its applications for panoramic geographic-based visualization within the scope of a research agreement between two Brazilian institutions. One of the main goals of this agreement is to research and develop immersive panoramic and geospatial navigation interfaces using LG platform to present Instituto Moreira Salles' (IMS) photographic collections.
English Cosme², a Huma-Num consortium dedicated to the study of medieval sources, brings together a large part of the French medievalist community around the digital processing of medieval sources, mainly written. The complexity of the medieval digital landscape is due to its ancientness: medievalists were among the first to be concerned about the digital processing of their sources. Databases and corpora digitised in various forms are therefore many and varied, many remain dormant or need to be upgraded, others lack metadata, others are no longer online or on outdated media, others lack interoperability, even if their content allows them to do so. Thousands of digitised medieval charters are not yet effectively linked. Medievalists were among the first to design electronic publishing platforms (such as TELMA, Scripta, CBMA) but they are not yet interoperable. This poster will propose new solutions to solve these complex problems, in the name of COSME².
manuscripts description and representation We introduce GeoBlobs, a visualization technique to represent ambiguous spatio-temporal data derived from handwritten War Diaries from the First World War (WWI), documenting the story of the British Army and its units on the Western Front.
geography and geohumanities In 2012, researchers at Stanford (led by Walter Scheidel) developed ORBIS (http://orbis.stanford.edu/) which offered a complex model of connectivity by reconstructing the duration and financial cost of travel in antiquity. Revealing the true shape of the Roman world, ORBIS provided a unique perspective on premodern history and became an object of envy for scholars working in other historical contexts. Since ORBIS was not designed to be easily adaptable to other contexts, a DH-team at the University of XXXX organized a hackathon, where participants worked on a tool which historians with minimal DH skills could easily install and run, and, by supplying their own data, could explore their own historical networks in ways similar to ORBIS.
English This poster presents Corpus 14, a corpus of correspondences between French soldiers and their families during WW1. We describe the TEI encoding of the writings and the ongoing project to develop a visualisation of the correspondences exploiting Named Entities annotation and Semantic Web resources.
manuscripts description and representation This poster provides a short overview of the challenges of building a digital genetic edition of James Joyce’s Work-in-Progress. In doing so, it uses the textual genetic analysis of Finnegans Wake II.2§6 to demonstrate how the writer’s composition habits impact editorial decisions in data modelling. This includes determining how exactly the text grew, what constitutes building blocks of the genetic development, and establishing an optimal level of granularity for draft representation and textual collation.
manuscripts description and representation This poster presents a new platform for palaeographical, linguistic and textual studies of manuscripts, documents and inscriptions. The platform is conceived particularly for experts working in a very wide range of writing-systems and writing directions which are often not supported by existing frameworks, including not only alphabets but also abjads, ideoglyphs, hieroglyphs and others, from left to right, right to left, top to bottom, bottom to top and so on. The platform combines tools for manual and automatic approaches such as manual transcription and Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR), manual and automatic linguistic markup, deep structured palaeographical annotation, and the preparation and publication of editions. Rather than building everything from scratch, it also draws on the substantial existing tools which are now available using Web-based APIs and standards such as the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) and Distributed Text Services (DTS).
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) APOLLONIS is the Greek national infrastructure for Digital Arts, Humanities and Language Research and Innovation. It brings together the leading strengths and capacities in the field by providing high-level computational tools, interoperable datasets and services. APOLLONIS was recently formed by the union of two existing ESFRI-related national research infrastructures: clarin:el, the CLARIN-related Greek network for language resources, technologies and services; and DARIAH-GR/DYAS, the DARIAH-related Greek network for digital research in the Humanities.
This poster will enable DH2019 audiences to engage with, comment and discuss the four main lines of action of the APOLLONIS infrastructure: Tools and Services, Resources, Education and Training and Communities of practice.
computer science and informatics In this paper we present SemanAntic, a web-based application for semantically annotating images. We describe its high-level architecture, the basic functionality and finally outline future work. SemAntic accepts a variety of image formats, enables the user to mark parts of the image using circular, rectangular and polygonal regions, to associate them with a user loaded RDF ontology classes and lastly, export the resulting annotations to JSON according to the Web Annotation Data Model, a W3C Recommendation.
SemanAntic was developed in the context of Neoclassica, where the automatic image classification component required an image corpus annotated according the specifically developed Neoclassica domain ontology. SemanAntic will be available as open source upon completion.
English The main contribution of our paper is that we constructed a corpus of “Christian Materials,” documents written by Catholic missionaries who came to Japan from the 16th to the 17th century AD. The original texts of our corpus were written in the Japanese colloquial language of the time and in the Roman alphabet with Portuguese spellings, thus these are quite valuable for the study of colloquial Japanese in Muromachi period. Our corpus has three features.
1. Morphological information is annotated for each text.
2. The corpus has two texts, the Roman alphabet text and the Japanese character text.
3. The corpus includes a direct link to the image of the original print from the British Library.
With these features, this corpus not only functions as an index, but also enables more advanced research and statistical analyses in a wide range of fields, including phonetics, grammar, notation research, and so on.
library & information science Social anthropologists have produced numerous hitherto in the field that have been sometimes deposited in documentation centre of research facilities. The nine resource centres that make up the consortium Archives des ethnologues, and their partners, house multi-media materials collected by French anthropologists. Once archived, these notes, field notebooks or various papers, these photographs, films or sound recordings are digitized and some of them are posted online in accordance with ethical and legal guidelines.
To combat the misleading way in which digital technology tends to standardise data, the Consortium Archives des ethnologues has chosen to diversify access to this data because the uniqueness of these archives reflects their scientific and heritage value, the wealth and diversity of the societies they attest to, the history of the sciences and the methodologies used in the course of time.
prosopography This poster presentation aims to visualize the output of a research project that seeks to analyze biographic data about the members of a distinct group of late-Ottoman / early-Republican elites, the Young Turks, in order to better understand patterns of relationship and activity among the various networks of these political elites whose roles were very significant in the making of modern Turkey. The poster is based on the applicant’s collaborative research project that aims to create a digital database and employ digital humanities tools to interpret that data, which would then constitute a basis for a prosopographical research. The project brings together three humanities scholars, including the applicant as the supervisor, and a computer scientist who is consulted for the uses of data mining and visualization techniques throughout the project.
cultural analytics This poster will describe the attempts of The Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands (KB-NL) to map, harvest and create a web data set out of the Frisian web domain starting with the .frl TLD. KB-NL as a national library has collected born digital material from the web since 2007 through web archiving. It makes a selection of websites with cultural and academic content from the Dutch national web. A future harvest of the Frisian web domain will provide future researchers with an unique born digital data set of a minority language which can be combined with other similar data sets of the Frisian language.
scholarly publishing, open content and open science Navigating through the rich and dynamically evolving Digital Humanities (henceforth DH) landscape can be a time-consuming task and difficult to integrate into researchers’ everyday routines.The OpenMethods metablog aims to explore and deliver a solution for this need in a Digital Humanities (henceforth DH) context. It provides a platform to bring together all formats of openly available digital publications. The platform provides a convenient and easy way for DH experts from around the globe to select, propose, curate, and highlight online published content. Suitable online content may be proposed by Community Volunteers. The OpenMethods platform is intentionally interdisciplinary and multilingual to facilitate a timely disclosure and spread of knowledge and to raise peer recognition for the related research results. The group of DH experts, known as the OpenMethods Editorial Team, currently comprises 23 editors from 11 countries.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) The aims of this poster are to present the annotation model created to deepen knowledge and understanding on economy and society during the 16th century New Spain and the use of tagtog.net (an online tool for automatic annotation) to create and curate the resources required for developing NLP tools.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) _quoteSalute_ (https://quotesalute.net/) aggregates salutes (closings of letters) from various openly available digital scholarly editions of letters based on the encoding of the TEI-element . The project website hosts a corpus of curated salutes, so they can be copied into an e-mail with a single button press. Thus users can quote historically important persons and use these quotes in their daily correspondence. The project is available as part of the web service correspSearch (https://correspsearch.net/) which aggregates metadata of various scholarly editions of letters. The complete source code (data, scripts, etc.) is accessible on GitHub. Furthermore, templates as well as an extensive documentation are provided, so other projects can quickly incorporate their own data into the corpus of salutes.
oriental and asian studies The poster will present a collaborative system for digital research environment by use of IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework) which has recently spread among cultural institutions in the world in order to make their hi-resolution Web images interoperable. As a use case, the authors adopted a system for digital facsimiles of Buddhist scriptures which have released as parts of digital collections in the world. The system aggregated the distributed digital images into the system, embedded metadata, and provides them as JSON data with a collaborative manner. The system and the workflow will be useful for various field in the humanities.
computer science and informatics A centralized access to sources, editions, and further kinds of publications facilitates the research process and provides a comprehensive overview of existing information. To connect musicological collections and repositories, we created a metasearch for annotated music: IncipitSearch. It is a tool and a service specifically tailored for research on music incipits, the initial sequences of notes that characterize a work. IncipitSearch is a service to interconnect musical pieces via metadata. It is also a tool that can be reintegrated into existing digital research platforms. By connecting some of the largest digital collections of music metadata it already offers access to around 1 million incipits. In four comprehensible steps, this poster will be a guide explaining how data owners can add their data to IncipitSearch and how the reimplementation of the search functionality can be carried out.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) In this poster, we will present the work we have done to develop a survey of those teaching digital humanities throughout the world. First, we will discuss the development of the survey. Second, we will outline the methodology we have employed in developing the survey in order to best ascertain how and who these teachers are. Third, we will begin in real time the data collection at the conference.
computer science and informatics Developers of EVT, a web-publishing tool for TEI-based digital editions, are facing a dilemma: on the one hand, scholars using this tool appreciate its clean UI, the simple configuration and customization tools, and the features it offers; on the other hand, the growing number of features, the mixing of different edition levels (both diplomatic and critical, with support for multiple witnesses) and the complexity of the navigation layer have posed significant challenges with regard to the design and building of a flexible framework and of an User Interface layout that can manage all the aspects of a sophisticated Digital Scholarly Edition. The proposed poster will describe the latest developments and solutions devised by the EVT team to solve the issues hinted above and more precisely described in the abstract.
scholarly publishing, open content and open science In this poster, we demonstrate how digital texts present a new and unique form of scholarly argumentation that both challenges and extends traditional methods by outlining our framework for a new digital book, Voice of a Nation: Mapping Documentary Expression in New America. This digital manuscript recovers the significant history of the Southern Life History Project (SLHP) by applying computational methods to analyze the collection. The SLHP was a unique project created under the New Deal in the U.S. to capture the stories over everyday Americans, especially those who had traditionally been marginalized in the historical record. The poster will make explicit the scholarly intervention of the project and then explain how the book’s arguments are being conveyed through digital forms, specifically organized around layers and thick mapping building off of the spatial turn in digital history.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) The poster strives to illustrate the possible correlation between stylistic particularities and thematic similarities in Kazuo Ishiguro’s oeuvre. The goal is to explore through digital methods Rebecca Walkowitz’s contemporary theory that deems Ishiguro’s literature as evidently and inherently international, which becomes apparent in his own dual-national identity and his methods to reflect the represented culture of a novel in a distinct style that appears as already translated. _Visone_ – a program developed by Ulrik Brandes and Dorothea Wagner for social network analysis – will be used as the primary network program in order to demonstrate its potential for digital humanities as it combines an easily approachable design with in-depth methods of graph theory for means of multi-layered visual explorations.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) Distributed around the globe more databases of folktales, including belief legends, have come into existence. Combining them might open up new and exciting research possibilities. ISEBEL is a project aiming to create a search engine that makes exactly this possible by providing unified search over the participant's database, while dealing intelligently with the various languages.
manuscripts description and representation The Polish mediaeval Apocrypha of the New Testament are fundamental not only for the history of Polish culture, but also for the literature and language of the East Slavdom. This is also the most extensive body of the Polish mediaeval writing – they consist of more than 2000 pages of manuscripts. Unfortunately, those texts are largely inaccessible or poorly accessible (unpublished, published only in transliteration) or available only in excerpts. Moreover, the editions remaining in circulation are not sufficient to conduct in-depth research.
Due to their complexity and diverse character the above mentioned texts require a digital way of presentation. Consequently, one of the aims of the project is to develop a tool enabling fully interdisciplinary and multifaceted studies. This tool will be an advanced search engine with the functionality of comparing results based on a meticulously developed database, including, among others, Latin sources, Slavic contexts and the employed themes.
English This poster will present our digital reading approach to body language in fiction. We use the web application CLiC – Corpus Linguistics in Context (freely available at clic.bham.ac.uk) and a range of corpus linguistic methods to identify gendered patterns of body language in literature for children. We are particularly interested in how the presentation of body language has changed over time and how the changes we identify reflect socially structured and gendered patterns of behaviour.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) The 3D Consortium of the TGIR Huma-Num has been created based on the observation that there are many initiatives around 3D for the Digital Humanities without real coordination between them. The proliferation of initiatives makes the task difficult and only a consortium-type organization can bring together forces in order to define standardized solutions.
The difficulty is increased by the fact that we are dealing with multiple domains, combining science and technology with the humanities. The aim of the consortium is to facilitate discussions by putting together a maximum of research groups that integrate the use of 3D digital data in their scientific practice, to develops tools for acquisition, visualization, interpretation and preservation of data for the Humanities.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) Our project studies the implications of the largely digital creative processes of present-day literary writers for textual scholarship's theories and methodologies. This poster presentation examines a born-digital literary story and shows how keystroke logging data provided by Inputlog can help interpret revisions made during the writing process. It focusses both on small revisions and on the construction of the beginning of the story (incipit) and tries to examine whether the small revisions can be linked to the changes made in the opening passage. We will study both the versions of the text and the process data from Inputlog; we cannot only see which revisions were made to create the ultimate incipit but also when – in the complete writing process.
manuscripts description and representation In the poster we present the UX design methodologies we applied within the project Galassia Ariosto (www.galassiaariosto.sns.it). The platform is the result of the project ERC AdG 2011 LOOKING AT WORDS THROUGH IMAGES, coordinated by the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa.
manuscripts description and representation Ethiopia is home to the only remaining continuous tradition of widespread Christian scribal production, but the manuscripts produced by that tradition are little-studied and the resources for dating and describing Ethiopian manuscripts are few and poorly-developed compared to their European relations. Ethiopian manuscripts are an understudied but cognate part of the wider European/Mediterranean Christian manuscript tradition. Madgwas is a database for the identification, cataloguing, and dating of Ethiopian binding tools and decoration. It leverages European and international libraries’ increasing sharing of manuscript images through the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) to produce a catalogue that links binding decoration, scribal tools, and individual manuscripts in a way that will serve a versatile set of researcher needs. This poster will present the results of the first stage of project development, the ingest of the Ethiopian manuscripts hosted by the British Library’s Endangered Archives Program.
digital art The use of imperial media in representing India and its people was an important aspect in the consolidation of colonial rule. This poster examines how the analysis of the representation of Indian individuals’ links to colonial consolidation using encoded metadata in sources. I will be demonstrating how the development of an overlapping and layered approach to metadata in encoding can better represent and therefore aid research into media representations.
This poster will explore the use of digital metadata analysis in the field of representation, and will demonstrate a custom-designed database system that allows for consistent layering of metadata on textual and material historical objects, digital reproductions, and enhanced fragments. The use of metadata will allow for a comparison between visual and textual sources, that may otherwise never be discovered.
OCR and hand-written recognition We present a pipeline combining HTR of Medieval Hebrew manuscripts with crowdsourcing-based process for the corrections towards the use for scholarly editions and the integration into a library manuscript service for long term preservation. The project includes: (1) design and structuring of efficient document analysis pipeline that integrates and streamlines multiple steps/processes needed to be taken when transferring an image of a handwritten document into a machine readable text, transcribing, validating and making it publicly available; (2) the pipeline is implemented by adopting and harnessing an existing HTR tool  for the sake of page segmentation and automated transcription; (3) developing a crowdsourcing system for validation and correction of the machine-based transcriptions (4) design and implementation of policies for structuring thriving community of volunteers; (5) data structuring of products for future implementations in both library viewers and critical edition viewers, such as Mirador and TEI Publisher.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) This poster present the work of Cultures of Knowledge (Oxford University) and the Huygens Institute on the Linked Data resources Early Modern Places and Early Modern Dates.
cultural analytics The eighteenth century entailed a rapid change in reading and writing books. To trace changing practices of reading, we have analysed how smaller book formats, in particular the octavo format, became more popular in the eighteenth century. Smaller books could be easily transported, carried in a pocket to places where individuals could read in solitude. To assess the change in the material dimensions of books and other print, we turned to four large bibliographies. Altogether, they cover 2.64 million harmonized entries from the period before 1830. The statistical analysis shows clearly how the octavo format became more popular in Europe toward the end of the eighteenth century, but also indicates that the development was uneven in the sense that the timing and speed of the development varied according to location. We further use the analysis to discuss types of towns based on the profiles of books produced in them.
computer science and informatics This poster introduces an editor software specifically designed for graphic narratives, including graphic novels and comics, but also other kinds of illustrated still-image media. Users are able to mark up these documents in XML via a Java-based GUI. The annotation language used in the system, which we call “Graphic Novel Markup Language” (GNML), is an extension of John Walsh's TEI-based “Comic Book Markup Language.” A number of automatic processes in the editor software, such as marching squares algorithm and livewire segmentation, simplify manual annotation. The editor software facilitates the analysis of multimodal corpora with complex text-image interactions. Such evidence-based investigation may help revise existing theories of graphic narrative or falsify more qualitative scholarship.
communication and media studies This poster is about the Ranke.2 teaching platform on digital source criticism, a resource created to teach students how to apply source criticism to retro-digitised and digital born data.
The poster presents the essence of the Ranke2 teaching principles.
2. offering teaching content in a variety of attractive formats: colourful animations, quizzes, assignments for web research, and tutorials for a hands on workshop.
English Diiagrams are crucial to Greek mathematics and necessary to reading the text, but he notes that this fact was little discussed in modern literature. In recent years, however, there has been a growing interest in including diagrams and the manuscript evidence in the preparation of scholarly editions.
This poster aims to intorduce a new research project on the potential of automated collation for non-textual data such as mathematical diagrams, focusing on the case of Euclid’s Elements.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) This poster will present the results of work conducted since November 2017 into Research Communities and Research Infrastructures (RIs), with a focus specifically on Early Career Researchers in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. We look at practices within and issues particular to this group of researchers, and offer recommendations for how RIs might integrate the needs of this specific research community into their wider communications practices.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) The DARIAH-TopicsExplorer is software that allows researchers to do topic modeling their own computers, with their own text collections, relying on a graphical user interface for the entire process from unprocessed texts to visualized results.
Early prototypes and a number of 1.x versions have been presented to researchers and students in various workshops. These workshops generated user feedback that has fueled further development, resulting in a standalone software for Windows, MacOS and Linux that features interactive visualizations and the export or results in csv format.
The latest version 2features a completely redesigned interface that allows to browse through a topic model, explore the properties of a single document and find other texts with similar or related content.
With the development of the TopicsExplorer, we hope to increase the number of researchers that can use topic modeling, understand the method and are able to critically discuss it.
library & information science The poster will present the results of the first eighteen months of the Mapping Manuscript Migrations project, funded by the Digging into Data Challenge for 2017-2019. The topics covered will include the new digital platform which has been developed to aggregate heterogeneous manuscript data in order to enable large-scale research into manuscript histories and provenance.
Specific areas of interest will include the nature of the sources of data which have been combined, the data modelling which has been carried out to unify these disparate data sources, the Linked Data principles and techniques which have been deployed, and the ways in which the aggregated evidence has been presented and visualized.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) The nineteenth century saw the first waves of globalization. One of the prime vehicles through which nineteenth century publics registered global changes was foreign news. Newspaper articles not only described, but also defined what was considered global, international and foreign. This research traces the changing meaning of the concept "foreign" in Dutch newspapers between 1815-1914. Using collocations, n-grams and diachronic word embeddings this research investigates the word senses and associations of words related the concept foreign. It shows how, over the course of the century, the meaning of the concept changed in ways that both reflected and stimulated globalization.
library & information science The CLARIAH Virtual Research Environment offers a rich set of features, with the aim to provide researchers with uniform access to an increasingly diverse landscape of linguistic resources, tools and services. Thus, lowering the barrier for researchers to apply Digital Humanities methods.
open/libre networks and software Created in 2012, the Mémoires des Archéologues et des Sites Archéologiques (MASA) Consortium has been labelled by the Very Large Research Infrastructure Huma-Num. MASA was born from the experience acquired by and within several Maisons des Sciences de l'Homme in the field of processing the documentation produced by archaeologists. MASA's partners have pooled their skills to meet the needs of the archaeological community. The issues identified are multiple and involve several levels of complexity intertwined.
The MASA consortium proposes to the archaeological community a process of data manipulation from acquisition to publication according to a systemic approach. The MASA digital ecosystem is composed of bricks for archiving and sharing archaeological data sets. This digital ecosystem relies on the data culture of archaeologists and their long experience in computerization to bring the community to respect the FAIR principles and to open these corpus in the Linked Open Data.
English In the last years, word embeddings have become important resources to deal with many Natural Language Processing tasks. Several pre-trained word vectors have been released starting from huge amount of contemporary texts. The interest towards this type of distributional approach has recently emerged also in the Digital Humanities community with studies on vectors built from historical or literary texts and employed to track semantic shifts.
This submission aims at expanding current research on historical word embeddings by presenting a set of English vectors pre-trained on a corpus of texts published between 1860 and 1939 with three different algorithms. These embeddings have been used to train a new model for the identification of place names in historical texts achieving very satisfactory results in terms of precision, recall and f-measure.
open/libre networks and software The _Dictionnaire topographique_ is a leading resource for historians and toponymists: it has more than 1,100,000 ancient french toponyms that have been dated and referenced. The 35 volumes have been digitized and an application is being developed. Its documented API provides standardized access to data, and uses data linking to locate place names. The objective of this API is to promote the re-use of this important resource, but also to continue to enrich it by providing researchers with an interface to correct and complete the content as they discover it. This paper aims to promote this essential resource for toponymic research: we will present the history of this publishing initiative, detailing the steps involved in digitization, restructuring and data enrichment. Finally, we will present the API and the associated application that makes it possible to exploit new relationships within the _Dictionnaire_, and above all, to revitalize an unfinished editorial initiative.
cultural analytics This research analyzes the text of _Jiamilgi_(支菴日記, 1692-1699), an 8-year diary written by a man named "Yun Ihu", in Chosǒn period of Korea. By reading an old diary in detail while translating and digitalizing the whole contents, this research attempts to trigger a dialogue between historical studies and computational methods, increase the density of the analysis of the historical materials, and expand the analytical horizons.
In this research, we extract various elements such as persons, historical events, everyday commodities, and places, etc. These elements are to be constructed as Ontology Database, and relations models from various perspectives are to be created through visualization and Quantitative analysis, and general interpretation present a new research methodology as a case of a DH-based diary research, while, at the same time, show the expandability of the existing historical research of the Chosǒn period.
geography and geohumanities Over the past decades, the Netherlands has fostered a rich variety of projects in a field we would today refer to as ‘spatial humanities’. Such projects include long-running infrastructural undertakings, e.g. the municipality boundaries of NLGIS (Nijmegen University/IISH) and cadastral maps of HISGIS Netherlands (Fryske Akademy). With the rise of Linked Data in recent years, the field of spatial humanities has gained a strong momentum in the Netherlands by cultural heritage orientated tech-companies creating smart geo-tools. Yet, the field is fragmented and there is little coordination regarding best-practices, tools, and vocabularies.
With the input of four academic institutes, tech-companies, and cultural heritage partners, our aim is to move towards a national spatial humanities platform, for exchange and collaboration, within and outside the Netherlands. To ensure the latter, the network communicates with Pelagios and the World-Historical Gazetteer for the exchange of infrastructural knowledge, data models and vocabularies, benefitting researchers worldwide.
epigraphy and paleography The poster shows exemplarily how research questions can be raised across repositories. The repositories in question are both epigraphic: "Deutsche Inschriften Online" and "Epidat - Forschungsplattform für jüdische Epigraphie". Both make their research data available as TEI-XML. Using the generic web service XTriple, RDF statements can be extracted from XML resources. As soon as the data has been merged in an RDF store, research questions can then be asked across repositories. As a test case, it is examined how gender is distributed in the respective repositories.
English The COST Action Distant Reading for European Literary History is a collaborative, interdisciplinary network which aims “to facilitate the creation of a broader, more inclusive and better-grounded account of European literary history and cultural identity”. The network consists of European researchers from different disciplines and research fields such as computational linguistics, corpus linguistics, and (digital) literary studies. Currently, over 100 researchers from 30 different countries are working together in the Action. With the present poster, we would like to present our strategy for developing a key output of the project, the corpus which serves as an empirical basis for our project.
library & information science Proposed poster shall present the datasets and the current DH related projects of the Czech Literary Bibliography research infrastructure (CLB), which is nowadays continuously operated for more than 70 years under the long-time developed methodology. The CLB comprises a set of bibliographical and other specialized databases processing the scientific informations on the Czech literature. The parameters of the CLB bibliographical databases make them the most extensive specialist bibliography in the Czech Republic and one of the most complex sources of the literary-scientific informations in Europe.
The stress shall be put on the current project „Czech Literary Internet“, centered i. a. on the development of the set of superstructural analytical and statistical tools for the visualization of the selected bibliographical data, and project „RETROBI“, within which large card catalogue was digitized and presented in the specialized software enabling i. a. the semistructured queries in the OCR-based representations of the original cards.
OCR and hand-written recognition Libraries and archives throughout Europe host books with ordinances, or individual ordinances (‘laws’) from the 15th till 18th century. These texts contain indications of how governments of burgeoning states dealt with unexpected threats to safety, security, and order through home-invented measures, borrowed rules, or adjustments of what was established elsewhere.
These ordinances are used widely within research, but only through cherry-picking those necessary for one’s research. Systematic searching the ordinances is not yet possible due to bad OCR and lacking text-segmentation. Therefore, this project will apply Transkribus to improve the text-recognition. Being able to search through the thousands of texts, requires uniform metadata which this project will add automatically after supervised training through topic modeling. The meta-data gathered from the sources will be accessible through an RDF-compliant tool in order to be able to visualise the topics the ordinances dealt with in various regions, throughout time.
artificial intelligence and machine learning Considered as a tool, Computer-Assisted Translation doesn't really belong to a DH curriculum. Considered in a user-interface perspective though, or as an approach allowing to reflect on the impact of machine learning methods on the Humanities, CAT methods (e.g. their practice and the reflection on these) can legitimately be integrated in such a curriculum.
This poster presents the way we are integrating CAT tool-based translation training in Le Mans Université. The main part of the poster is dedicated to the training setting. The poster will also show the role the Computer Science research department played in setting up a solid infrastructure for these two environments as well as the type of data that has been gathered from the student’s input.
cultural evolution We present a query algebra for empirical analyses of temporal text corpora, the Conceptual History Query Language (CHQL). A *temporal text corpus* in our sense is a set of words and word chains, i.e., ngrams, together with their usage frequency at various points of time, like the Google Books Ngram Corpus. Our query language is meant to be useful for conceptual historians, i.e., be descriptive and complete (match all actual and potential hypotheses of conceptual history), and bear optimization potential to allow fast query processing on large data sets. We focus on an algebra inspired by the German tradition of *Begriffsgeschichte* (conceptual history), as exemplified by the work of Reinhart Koselleck. We also show first results, namely, the change of the words "East" and "West" from parallel concepts in the geographical sphere to counter concepts in the political sphere.
manuscripts description and representation The _MORROIS (the Mapping of Romance Realms and Other Imagined Spaces)_ project, a digital geographic concordance of literary spaces, collects line-by-line instances of explicitly geographic place-name usage in Middle English manuscripts. The end goal of _MORROIS_ is to explore the research possibilities afforded through distant reading and various data visualizations (including GIS).
My poster will: (1) present my data migration from Omeka Classic to RDF, including the selection and customization of flexible and transferable ontologies and the benefits of RDF metadata modelling; (2) highlight some of the challenges inherent in data migration from a traditional relational database format to one geared for Linked Open Data; and (3) address methods for extracting data from the manifold formats of Middle English texts, including editions preserved in simple HTML format, printed and non-digitized critical and diplomatic editions, or in hard copy or digital manuscript facsimile.
sustainability and preservation Europe has a long and rich tradition as a centre for the arts and humanities. However, the digital transformation poses challenges to the arts and humanities research landscape all over the world. Responding to these challenges the Digital Research Infrastructure for Arts and Humanities (DARIAH) was launched as a pan-European network and research infrastructure. After expansion and consolidation, which involved DARIAH’s inscription on the ESFRI roadmap, DARIAH became a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) in August 2014.
The DESIR project sets out to strengthen the sustainability of DARIAH and firmly establish it as a long-term leader and partner within arts and humanities communities. It focuses on 6 key challenges for a research infrastructure: dissemination, growth, technology, robustness, trust, training and education.
English Who were the protagonists of 19th century European literature? And what are the promises and pitfalls when it comes to the modelling of the composition and dynamics of historiographical works with the means of network analysis? These are the central questions to be addressed and displayed in this poster. It aims to show the results of our endeavours to analyse and visualise central and, hopefully, new aspects of Georg Brandes’ _Main Currents of 19th Century Literature_ (6 vols. 1872-1890), a vast and complex work, regarded not only as historiography, but also as a text reliant on features of fictionality, such as narration and plot.
English Civil-war era London housed an early relatively free newspaper industry. This included regular news from abroad: news mostly from Europe but occasionally further afield. The regular structure of these early 'newsbooks' means that structured data can be mined from the texts. This poster will outline the methodology used to create such a structured dataset, which can be used in several ways: mapping geographic news 'hotspots', understanding the temporal variances in the transmission of news, and, for this poster, network analysis.
The poster will demonstrate how combining such a dataset with network analysis has led to the discovery of communities of news and information, specifically using network modularity and community detection to suggest the extent to which Europe could be divided into individual clusters of cities closely linked by the sharing of information, and how this can be used to understand the viral nature of early modern news.
feminist studies Although there is a scientific consensus that gender is not binary, immutable, and physiological, it is still common to operationalize it in such a way. Recently, there have been more attempts to critically assess and change these exclusive practices. This contribution joins these efforts by describing our attempt to measure gender of film directors by relying on their own chosen self-representation. The research stems from a study on circulation of films within film festival networks. Gender of directors constitutes an important piece of information due to known discriminatory practices in film industry. In our operationalization of gender, we focused on directors’ ways to use personal pronouns on available web resources. We also compare our results to alternative findings when binary manual and automatic gender detection methods are used. In communicating the comparisons, we visualize the data to invite others to critically reflect on current practices of gender operationalization.
open/libre networks and software The DHmine Toolkit is a collection of open source software tools including non-stuctured and relational data storages, a cloud-based file store, an RDF triplestore and autonomous software tools that perform various tasks on demand (like OCR, TEI encoding, document conversions, content analysis, entity recognition and others). There are two statistical tools included in the system: a Web-based stylometry tool and RStudio for providing a programmable environment.
The toolkit employs a Docker-based virtual machine environment that simplifies its installation and maintenance, and that also makes the toolkit installable in the cloud. This enables rapid deployment and good scalability using the popular cloud services.
The software was used to process and publish a large text corpora from the 18th century extended with an author's dictionary, critical annotations and related knowledge entries from Linked Open Data sources.
manuscripts description and representation The presented project attempts to create a digital tool, based on a deep learning system, for the automatic clustering and classification of medieval scripts. The projects responds to the increasing amount of digitally availalble manuscript collections. It aims to develop a new approach to recognize patterns in medieval scripts, which can help manuscript scholars to compare, date and localize the production of medieval writings and to gain new insights in the evolution and distribution of script types during the medieval period.
scholarly publishing, open content and open science Digital humanists have embraced spatial analysis in order to pose and answer humanities questions. Almost 20 years ago, Richard White called for a “spatial turn” in digital history and how spatial analysis could serve as a research method for DH. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have made possible the comparison of various data types by a common geographic location. Showing population change over a large time period has been a popular approach for the movement of populations can highlight national, regional, and local patterns and how certain demographic groups reacted differently to these changing times and events, in turn telling the story of our past as never told before.
oriental and asian studies The written heritage of the “Islamicate” cultures that stretch from modern Bengal to Spain is as vast as it is understudied and underrepresented in the digital humanities. The sheer volume and diversity of the surviving works produced in Arabic and Persian in the premodern period makes this body of texts ideal for computational analysis. While a great number of texts has been digitized over past two decades, OpenITI is the first corpus of Islamicate texts that is open, machine readable, and aims at being comprehensive. OpenITI strives to provide the essential textual infrastructure in Persian and Arabic for new forms of macro textual analysis and digital scholarship. The corpus is already actively used in several ERC projects.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) Scholars estimate that between 2.5 and 5 million Native people were enslaved in the Americas between 1492 and 1900. This is an astonishing number, even compared to the approximately 12.5 million Africans who were brought as slaves from Africa during the same period. Only in the past fifteen years, however, have researchers undertaken a sustained examination of the history of this nearly hidden form of slavery. The Database of Indigenous Slavery in the Americas (DISA) is developing a database to document as many instances as possible of indigenous enslavement in the Americas between 1492 and 1900, consulting records such as runaway slave ads, probate records, records of individual colonies, journals, financial records, ship manifests, correspondence, and church records. Our work details how we have engaged with a variety of complexities in designing a database about enslaved people.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) It is widely accepted that research libraries play an important role in facilitating academic research and teaching. However, given the technological advances of the last few decades, this role has been continuously transforming; the emergence of digital humanities, in particular, raises new challenges for libraries. This paper investigates current practices in research libraries across the UK and Ireland concerning the support of or involvement in digital humanities research. Exploring the different models of engagement that libraries follow when it comes to working with digital humanities researchers, the nature of these professional relationships as well as the benefits and challenges they involve will hopefully increase our knowledge about an institutional side of the digital humanities in the UK and Ireland that remains largely undocumented.
English Linguistic elements are known to be powerful signals for social categories such as class, race, education, political affiliation, and gender. The vast majority of work on linguistic signalling in the digital humanities, however, has focused on the analysis of print culture due to the availability of large textual datasets and readably available methods. Spoken language, however, is known to vary considerably within communities, even when they share a common written language and dialect. Phonetic features such as tone, rhythm, and phoneme variation all serve to signal social identity. In this poster, we present a general pipeline for the construction, alignment, and analysis of spoken linguistic data. As a way of illustrating how this linguistic data pipeline is able to produce new scholarship, the poster focuses on an application to a corpus of spoken British English curated by the French-led Aix-MARSEC project.
library & information science The poster presentation deals with the remediations of the Polish Literary Bibliography, a large cultural dataset available online (www.pbl.ibl.waw.pl).
The second remediation aimed to better display the complexities of PBL dataset, and facilitate data-driven uses of the bibliography.
The poster will present 1. the main characteristics of the new PBL service and 2. the main challenges that the project team, responsible for the second remediation, had to face and resolve.
digital art Data visualization is frequently used in Digital Humanities for exploration, analysis, to make an argument, or to grapple with large-scale data. Increasing access to off-the-shelf data visualization tools is beneficial to the field, but it can lead to facile and homogenized visualizations. Data physicalization can be used to defamiliarize and refresh the insight that data visualizations initially brought to DH. Spatial, acoustic, and temporal dimensions of data representation can generate rich narratives and invite the audience to explore new relationships.
We will exhibit a multi-media installation consisting of data physicalization objects and dynamic displays at the conference poster session concurrently with an explanatory poster. Pieces in the installation will utilize space, time, and/or interaction to provide new ways of engaging with a dataset and the arguments and narratives behind it, in order to challenge the dominant paradigms of conventional screen-based data visualization.
English The materialist philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) developed a growing interest in scriptural issues that led him to scatter a myriad of biblical citations in his major political works. But the acknowledgment of his scriptural references has been a challenge to complexity since then, let alone an exhaustive comprehension of his use of the Bible (Jones 1984, Pacchi 1989, Somos 2015). With this poster, we aim to showcase the benefits of a textometric approach to 'the problem of Hobbes and the Bible’, by presenting the TXM-based prototype corpus of XML-TEI P5 encoded EEBO-TCP diplomatic transcriptions of Hobbes’s English political works built for the ongoing ‘Digital Theological Hobbes’ project.
Innerhalb des letzten Jahres wurde das System Signum zur interaktiven, webbasierten Annotation von mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Bibliotheka Fuldensis entwickelt.
Die zentrale Zielsetzung ist die Erfassung relevanter Eigenschaften einzelner Buchstaben, bzw. von Buchstabenkomplexen innerhalb eines Dokuments.
Die so erfassten Eigenschaften werden als gewichtete Feature-Vektoren betrachtet und sind der Input in einen Klassifikationsalgorithmus.
Hier wird eine Zuordnung vom Feature-Vektor zu einem möglichen Schreiber berechnet, welche dann, so der theoretische Ansatz, dokumentübergreifend eine Schreiberidentifikation ermöglicht.
Durch die schrittweise Weiterentwicklung der Webtechnologie ist es heute möglich, den Annotationeditor vollständig als leistungsfähige Webanwendung umzusetzten, und zwar ohne Qualitätsverlust in der Interaktion und Usability.
oriental and asian studies The explication of poetic meter in the modern languages of South Asia is a source of consternation even for experienced poets, let alone readers and scholars. Urdu poetry, for example, is written in meters drawn from Perso-Arabic and Indic sources. Traditionally, these two metrical systems take their rules for versification from poetic traditions in what are considered their traditional source-languages: classical Arabic, on the one hand, and Sanskrit, on the other. The trouble is, neither poetic system aligns well with the phonological features of modern South Asian languages. As a result, the Arabic system quickly becomes combinatorially explosive, leading to multiple acceptable scansions. Modern scholars have offered alternative ways to think of meter. We augment that work by presenting an interactive web-based software package under development to visualize poetic meter using directed graphs that accommodate multiple languages and scripts to make accessible poetic knowledge for readers, scholars, and poets.
artificial intelligence and machine learning This poster describes a Natural Language Processing pipeline combining two existing tools, one for named entity recognition and classification (NERC) and the other for named entity linking (NEL) for referencing to Knowledge Bases (KB), in other words, Linked Data sets, and their adaptation for use in the annotation of 19th century French Novels. These tasks are crucial for producing enriched Digital Editions as well as for Digital Literary Stylistics and Spatial Humanities which largely rely on Distant Reading techniques. Our pipeline is able to provide a dynamic cartography and allows for the exploration of the spatial dimension of texts by retrieving structured information about places. Besides tools and experimentations, our contribution is more specifically a annotated corpus of 19th century French Novels, and an adapted NER model and KB, reusable resources by the digital humanities and the NLP community.
scholarly publishing, open content and open science Since October 2018, a digital genetic edition of Goethe’s Faust is publicly accessible online. The poster demonstrates its most specific interlinked visualizations that let users explore Goethe’s lifelong work on Faust and introduces a graph-based approach to infer genetic ordering from dating information in the literature of 120 years of Faust research.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) The Text Encoding Initiative has long been the defacto standard for constructing digital scholarly editions of humanities as the interoperable data. Compared with European sources, however, there are fewer projects to create TEI documentation for East Asian materials.
This poster presents the importance of creating a TEI documentation for East Asian sources, through the markup project of the _Engi-Shiki_. The _Engi-Shiki_ is a 50-volume work compiled between in 907 and 927 C.E. The first ten volumes are Imperial Shinto regulations, and the last 40 are codifications of criminal and administrative law.
This poster demonstrates the further implication of the markup of the _Engi-Shiki_ regarding East Asian studies, through its *textual features*, *varieties of literary styles*, and *connections with Chinese Tang history*. Though we are in the process of completing the documentation, it is valuable to invite feedback from TEI practitioners and DH researchers at the conference.
English This poster explores what can be learnt by applying different data visualization methods to a corpus of 450 preferential trade agreements, gathered and structured into XML format by the _ToTA: Text of Trade Agreements_ project (Alschner et al. 2017) and available at https://github.com/mappingtreaties/tota. It seeks to understand the kinds of relationships between countries which can be discerned by examining the text of legal documents that regulate economic interactions between those countries, and the relationship between the documents themselves, with a particular focus on the influence of earlier documents on later documents. The visualisation methods used include the visual clustering of documents based on topic similarity, bimodal network visualisations, and word embeddings rendered in two dimensions.
artificial intelligence and machine learning Infrared imaging has revealed that signatures and symbols are hidden in Buddhist manuscript sutras written in gold and silver inks on indigo-dyed papers during the late Heian period in Japan. We have analyzed them with the help of single image super resolution technology, since many of infrared images are of low resolution. As a result of the analysis, we are led to the conclusion that they suggest that some paper studios, aristocrats or noble priests drew their signs on the papers in order to show their possession.
library & information science Following the assumption that the tech blog sphere represents an avant-garde of technologically and socially interested experts, we describe an experimental setting to observe its input on the public discussion of matters situated at the intersection of technology and society. Our interdisciplinary approach consists in joining forces on a common base of texts and tools. This cooperative research effort stems from researchers working on the impact of digital media on democratic processes and institutions (German Historical Institute, Washington DC and the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University), corpus and computational linguistics for texts and microtexts written in German (Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, BBAW), and linked open data for Digital Humanities projects and digital archiving at the Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society in Berlin.
English Good authors imbue their characters with distinctive voices that are often discernible devoid of explicit dialog labels, both by their word choice as well as sometimes by the actual _sound_ of the words. For instance, in Shakespeare's _Othello_, the speech of the titular character is said to be characterized by longer, rounder vowel sounds than the quick speech of his counterpart Iago. Such a phenomenon provokes a wide variety of questions. Can we detect these differences in speech computationally? If so, what would it tell us about these characters? What would it tell us about the _author_? We developed a web-based tool to visualize the differences between the “sonic signatures” of different characters within Shakespeare’s plays.
manuscripts description and representation The paper presents a study of _Uljalaevshhina_ (1924–1960s), famous soviet poem by Il'ya Sel'vinsky (1899–1968). Our aim was to reconstruct the history of Uljalaevshhina using traditional methods and digital instruments. First we collated the versions "manually", using common text editors apps; than we applied quantitative methods (in particular we created and compares the frequency dictionaries of the versions); finally we made collation sets in _Juxta Commons_.
The paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of _Juxta_ used for the work of textual critic, and proposes the options that, in our opinion, would help the system to be more effective.
geography and geohumanities This project traces the international flow of silicosis science in the first half of the twentieth century. A series of maps demonstrate how knowledge transcended political boundaries in the interest of the primary resource economy in the industrial world. The project asks how digital techniques can shift the emphasis of archival readings conducted by historians, especially in the realm of social and environmental history where computers can read between the lines of otherwise administrative texts shaped by the nationalistic culture of dominant political institutions.
cultural analytics This poster presents quantitative data on the representation of characters’ bodies in the corpus of Russian children’s literature, visualized as a series of body heatmaps. Our literary topography represents what parts of a character’s body the author’s pen is allowed to touch. The central question of the research is how the selectiveness of authors in describing their characters’ bodies is related to the demographic features of characters, such as gender and age. Our data reveal gender differences in the representation of female and male characters, point out differences in the representation of adult and child characters, and provide comparative material for the study of character embodiment in literary fiction.
geography and geohumanities In this poster the authors present a model for encoding what ethnographers term the “floating gap” when constructing an historical gazetteer of place names. This step is especially crucial as scholars make intersections and linkages between place-based, data-driven research projects. The authors argue that the concepts for Event and Place used to encode semantic relationships overlook the fact that it is the Actor or Agent who names the events, and thus by extension names the places at which those events occurred. Place names connected with those events must correspond to those agents. In the brave new world of linked data, the vagaries of named places constitute a vexed problem, and attempts to resolve the messiness and fuzziness of place, time, and perspective run the risk of eliding the floating gap of cultural memory.
library & information science Being a significant intersection of Western and Eastern culture and economy on the ancient Silk Road, Dunhuang is regarded as a treasure trove of world culture and art. As one of the important forms of Dunhuang cultural heritage, Dunhuang mural is of great value for research on history, art and religion, etc. However, the absence of Dunhuang mural vocabulary imposes a limit on Dunhuang mural studies and its value exploration. The construction of current vocabularies in humanities relies heavily on manual processes, with longer construction cycle, bigger costs.In this project, we explore the human-machine cooperation mechanism, which is realized by a combination of a top-down process and a bottom-up process, of vocabulary construction, and then we apply the mechanism to our vocabulary construction, with which we hope to improve the efficiency of construction, and more importantly, promote humanities studies and further the development of Dunhuang mural digital humanities applications.
digital humanities (history, theory and methodology) DARIAH, the digital humanities infrastructure with origins and an organizational home in Europe, is nearing the completion of its implementation phase. The significant investment from the European Commission and member countries has yielded a robust set of technical and social infrastructure, ranging from working groups, various registries, pedagogical materials, and software to support diverse approaches to digital humanities scholarship. While the funding and leadership of DARIAH to date has come from countries in, or contiguous with, Europe, the needs that drive its technical and social development are widely shared within the international digital humanities community at large. The DARIAH Beyond Europe workshop series, organized and financed under the umbrella of the DESIR project (“DARIAH ERIC Sustainability Refined,” 2017–2019), convened three meetings between September 2018 and March 2019, in the United States, and in Australia. This poster reflects on key outcomes and future directions arising from these workshops.
digital ecologies, digital communities and critical infrastructure studies The role of gender and intersectional identities in digital humanities remains an urgent topic of conversation. Despite this, precious few spaces exist for open, safe, and inclusive discussions around intersectional gender. Digital spaces like the Crunk Feminist Collective (http://www.crunkfeministcollective.com/), FemTechNet (https://femtechnet.org/), and FemBot Collective (https://fembot.adanewmedia.org/) provide blogs, resources, and opportunities for public writing on issues that matter to female-identified researchers. Between January and June 2019, individual volunteers are organizing a series of monthly virtual meetings, each around a specific topic (e.g. credit, authority, (lack of) infrastructure, emotional and invisible labor, gender equity at panels, gender disparities in technical work, gender and leadership in digital humanities initiatives, etc).

ABSTRACT: We isolated total lung RNA from spontaneously hypertensive male rats 2–40 h after exposure to reference EHC-93. Three animals were exposed to EHC-93 in saline(10 mg/kg body weight) or saline at each time via intratracheal instillation or no instillation at all. RNA from different times was pooled for array hybridization as indicated.
Gene expression pattern in spontaneously hypertensive rats exposed to urban particulate matter (EHC-93).
Project description:Mice deficient in Apolipoprotein E (Apoe E(-/-)) vs wild type mice were exposed to diesel engine particulate by single dose intratracheal instillation. The transcript-level response of the hearts after 24h and of the lungs after 24 h were subsequently analyzed by the 2-color microarray method. Keywords: stress response, disease state analysis Overall design: Three mice of the Apo E (-/-) strain were exposed to diesel engine particulate from the National Institute of Standards and Technology via intratracheal instillation. Controls consisted of 3 littermates exposed to saline vehicle. Similarly, three wild type mice were similarly exposed to diesel particulate and three to vehicle control. 24 hours after exposure, mice were humanely sacrificed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation and the hearts and lungs were collected and frozen for analysis of total RNA. In each biological replicate, 2 color microarrays were utilized to compare pooled RNA representing all three animals of each strain, and in each condition and in each tissue; each biological replicate was performed with a dye reversal. Biological replicates of the wild type mice responses to diesel engine particulate were performed three times for heart and lung.
Project description:Mice deficient in Apolipoprotein E (Apoe E(-/-)) vs wild type mice were exposed to diesel engine particulate by single dose intratracheal instillation. The transcript-level response of the hearts after 24h and of the lungs after 24 h were subsequently analyzed by the 2-color microarray method. Keywords: stress response, disease state analysis Three mice of the Apo E (-/-) strain were exposed to diesel engine particulate from the National Institute of Standards and Technology via intratracheal instillation. Controls consisted of 3 littermates exposed to saline vehicle. Similarly, three wild type mice were similarly exposed to diesel particulate and three to vehicle control. 24 hours after exposure, mice were humanely sacrificed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation and the hearts and lungs were collected and frozen for analysis of total RNA. In each biological replicate, 2 color microarrays were utilized to compare pooled RNA representing all three animals of each strain, and in each condition and in each tissue; each biological replicate was performed with a dye reversal. Biological replicates of the wild type mice responses to diesel engine particulate were performed three times for heart and lung.
Project description:We examined the impact of chronic lung inflammation on the pulmonary transcriptional response to inhaled urban particles. Transcript levels were measured using high density microarrays in total RNA isolated from whole lungs of wildtype and TNF-α overexpressing mice exposed by inhalation to particulate matter and euthanized immediately or 24 h post-exposure. Keywords: Toxicology, disease state analysis, stress response Overall design: Transgenic SP-C/TNF-α mice and their wildtype littermates were exposed by inhalation to particulate matter (0, 42 mg/m3 EHC-93) for 4 h and euthanized immediately or 24 h post-exposure (n=5 per treatment per time point, 40 animals total). Agilent 22K oligonucleotide microarrays were used to examine transcript levels in whole lung RNA. Stratagene Universal Mouse RNA was used as a reference.
Project description:Gene expression profiling of the rat lung following intratracheal instillation with SWCNTs was employed to gain insights into these molecular events. We attempted to characterize time-dependent changes in the gene expression until 754 days after intratracheal instillation with SWCNTs suspensions at 0.2 mg (L-SWCNT) and 0.4 mg (H-SWCNT) injected dose per rat, and to identify the shift from the acute-phase to the chronic-phase phase on the basis of evaluation at the molecular level. Groups of nine-week-old male Wistar rats (n= 6 per group/ time point) were intratracheally instilled with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) suspended in 0.4 ml distilled water including 0.1% Triton X-100 as a single injection 0.1 mg (L-SWCNT) and 0.4 mg (H-SWCNT) SWCNTs/ rat). Control groups received 0.1% Triton X-100 (vehicle control). After intratracheal instillation treatment, rats were housed within polycarbonate cages at a controlled temperature of 22 °C with a chow diet ad libitum, and dissected at 3 days, 7 days, 30 days, 90 days, 180 days, 365 days and 754 days post-instillation. Right lungs of anesthetized rats were perfused with physiological saline, excised, and used for DNA microarray analysis.
Project description:Gene expression profiling of the rat lung following intratracheal instillation with C60 fullerene particles was employed to gain insights into these molecular events. Groups of nine-week-old male Wistar rats (n= 4-6 per group/ time point) were intratracheally instilled with C60 fullerene suspended in 0.4 ml distilled water including 0.8% Tween-80 as a single injection (0.1 mg, 0.2 mg (LD: low doses) and 1.0 mg (HD: high dose) C60 fullerene/ rat). Control groups received 0.8 % Tween-80 (vehicle control). After intratracheal instillation treatment, rats were housed within polycarbonate cages at a controlled temperature of 22 °C with a chow diet ad libitum, and dissected at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month, and 6 month post-instillation. Right lungs of anesthetized rats were perfused with physiological saline, excised, and used for DNA microarray analysis.
Project description:Gene expression profiling of the rat lung following intratracheal instillation with C60 fullerene particles was employed to gain insights into these molecular events. Overall design: Groups of nine-week-old male Wistar rats (n= 4-6 per group/ time point) were intratracheally instilled with C60 fullerene suspended in 0.4 ml distilled water including 0.8% Tween-80 as a single injection (0.1 mg, 0.2 mg (LD: low dose) and 1.0 mg (HD: high dose) C60 fullerene/ rat). Control groups received 0.8% Tween-80 (vehicle control). After intratracheal instillation treatment, rats were housed within polycarbonate cages at a controlled temperature of 22 °C with a chow diet ad libitum, and dissected at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month, and 6 month post-instillation. Right lungs of anesthetized rats were perfused with physiological saline, excised, and used for DNA microarray analysis.
Project description:These studies profiled the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRs) in lung neutrophils in WT mice during S. pneumoniae pneumonia and performed in depth in silico analyses. Lung neutrophils were isolated 24 hours after intratracheal instillation of PBS or S. pneumoniae, and mRNAs and miRs differentially expressed (DE) between S. pneumoniae- and PBS-treated samples were identified using microarrays. Overall design: Lung neutrophils were isolated from WT mice 24 hours after intratracheal instillation of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) or an equivalent volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). mRNA expression was profiled using Mouse Gene 1.1 ST arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) which cover over 26,000 RefSeq transcripts. microRNAs were profiled using SurePrint G3 Mouse miRNA 8X60K Microarray kits (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) designed based on miRbase release 17.
Project description:These studies profiled the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRs) in lung neutrophils in WT mice during S. pneumoniae pneumonia and performed in depth in silico analyses. Lung neutrophils were isolated 24 hours after intratracheal instillation of PBS or S. pneumoniae, and mRNAs and miRs differentially expressed (DE) between S. pneumoniae- and PBS-treated samples were identified using microarrays. Overall design: Lung neutrophils were isolated from WT mice 24 hours after intratracheal instillation of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) or an equivalent volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). mRNA expression was profiled using Mouse Gene 1.1 ST arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) which cover over 26,000 RefSeq transcripts. microRNAs were profiled using SurePrint G3 Mouse miRNA 8X60K Microarray kits (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) designed based on miRbase release 17.

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Question 3: What is the number of fir trees in the figure below?
Sixteen is Select... equal to less than greater than nine.
The number of circles is Select... equal to less than greater than the number of squares.
Common Core State Standards from the CCSS Initiative website.
Tools for the Common Core Standards publishes updates and reports on projects that support the implementation of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics.

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Car manufacturers are trying to achieve maximum safety of its equipment. To do this, they equip their protective systems, automatic piloting, durable bodies and do achieve good results. In September, electric cars Tesla Model 3 has proven safety in a spectacular crash tests but as you know perfection has no limit. As it turned out, in order to increase the level of security she needed only to change the lights.
Institute for several years trying to convey to the producers that it is not enough to equip the cars with the bright and accurate lamp — it is important to configure them correctly. When checking the headlights, the experts encourage the technology of automatic main beam and change the angle.
Lights play an important role in the prevention of nighttime accidents but they don’t all work the same. There are differences in the types of lamps, lighting technologies, directions and amount of light.
Cars Tesla Model 3 could not obtain the maximum score of security because of the headlights — the Institute has always given them an average score. In particular, the problem lies in the uneven road lighting — if the lighting on the left side was good, the right part always remained in the dark.
The company Tesla has finally listened to the advice of the Institute and updated headlights. Excellent visibility on both sides of the road received copies, released after July 2018. Owners of older models, unfortunately, will continue to be satisfied with uneven lighting.
With all this, the Institute believes that Tesla can make the lights even better. For example, a company may adapt them to ride on winding roads, where the spotlight is again asymmetric.

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The full or the full outer join includes all records from both tables in one resulting row, where the specifyed join expression evaluates as true. Additionally all records from the left table, where is no match in the right table, and all records from the right table, where is no match in the left table, are included in the query results.
Attention, if the database system does not directly support a full join (Syntax 1), all matching records in both tables are selected in the first select statement with the left join and then are selected a second time in the second select statement with the right join. At the and duplicate rows are eliminated with UNION (without ALL, this is importand).
List of all salesman (tverkauf) and customers (tkunde), matching salesman and customers are in the same result record, salesman without customers and customers wothout salesman are uncluded without their counterparts.