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New World Translation
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Verse renderings for comparison:​​​​​​​​
​
Ps 68:4: \"Sing to God; sing praises* to his name.+ Sing to the One riding through the desert plains.* Jah* is his name!+ Rejoice before him!\"

Rom 1.16: \"For I am not ashamed of the good news;+ it is, in fact, God’s power for salvation to everyone having faith,+ to the Jew first+ and also to the Greek.\"

John 17.3: \"This means everlasting life,+ their coming to know you,* the only true God,+ and the one whom you sent, Jesus Christ.+.\" Retrieved from JW.org on 7/14/16, from the 2013 revision [NWTSY]; * and + are references to NWT footnotes.

1 Cor 13. 4-7: \"Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous. It does not brag, does not get puffed up, 5 does not behave indecently, does not look for its own interests, does not become provoked. It does not keep account of the injury. 6 It does not rejoice over unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth. 7 It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.\"
​ 
For our consideration of the NWT Study Edition [NWTSY], see this page-

The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures was first published in 1950, that is, the
NT [Christian Greek Scriptures in Witness speak], was released that year.  The OT [termed
'Hebrew Scriptures' by Jehovah's Witnesses] was released over a period of years in the
50's and the first complete edition [revised] of the entire NWT was released in 1961.2
The NWT copyright is stated to be held by the Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of Penn-
sylvania, a legal arm of Jehovah's Witnesses; the Publishers are the Watchtower Bible and
Tract Society of New York, Inc.  Revised editions were also  released in 1970, 1984 and
significantly 2013.  The 2013 revision is a more readable, less wooden translation; it fea-
tures about 1/3 fewer words, due to an adjustment in rendering tenses. See here for
more on this - https://www.jw.org/en/library/ bible/study-bible/appendix-a/nwt-revision
-features/. The 2013 edition also revised the translating of some notable words such as
Sheol and Hades that were previously transliterated;  the revision moved away from the
previous practice of transliterating every instance of Sheol [In Hebrew, 'שׁאל / שׁאול;
defined in the BDB Dictionary as 'sheol, underworld, grave' which is often translated as
Hell]. The intent of so doing in the earlier versions was to reveal what the actual Hebrew
stated rather than rendering it as Hell, a word with many unfortunate and non-Biblical
connotations.2a The 2013 revision then rendered Sheol as 'the Grave' but footnoted each as
'Sheol' in the original Hebrew.  See here for more on why the change was made: 
https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/appendix-a/nwt-revision-features/
under the subheading 'Bible Expressions Clarified.' Also see this page on words that are
often mis-translated, under the subheading 'Hell.'

In our work of reviewing various translations, mostly the 'major' versions in English, we
have noted that no other translation has been hammered as much as the NWT has been.
The prevailing conclusion is that the work is slanted to support the distinctly non-mainline
beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses [for more on this, see https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-
witnesses/faq/changed-bible-beliefs/, as found on their website jw.org]. 

Our reply to critics of the NWT is: 1) Have you read it? Not the criticisms of various 'experts'
-  but have you read the actual translation? Many critics are simply parroting what they
have read on the Internet or heard from another hater 2) What verses in particular do you
object to? As we have stated, nearly every rendering - controversial or otherwise - can be
supported by other translations that have the identical or nearly identical rendering.
John 1.1 is often cited as being 'tendentious' as is John 8.58, and there are any number of
translations that can be cited in  support of the NWT's renderings for each [specifically for John 1.1 - upwards of a dozen; for John 8.58, at least 20. See here for more on John 8.58 and here for John 1.1].  This does not make the NWT the correct version or a perfect version of course, however it does mean that the knee-jerk reaction of many to the NWT is wrong.  And it moves the criticisms over from 'right or wrong' to 'what do I prefer?'

The NWT has the ATB&M stamp of approval; it translates the Tetragrammaton in every occurrence in the OT as Jehovah.  It also uses Jah 50 times in the OT and 4 in the NT; perhaps a bit exuberantly it uses Jehovah in the NT more than 200 times.  Nonetheless, we agree with their reasoning about why they did so, and it is our prediction that if Jehovah God spares this system for some years, additional versions [some mainline] will make the same leap and translate the Tetragrammaton as Jehovah or Yahweh where the NT quotes from the OT and the verse quoted in the OT includes the Tetragrammaton [see the review page on Barnstone's The Restored New Covenant, especially the comments in red].1,3    There are any number of translations that use the Tetragrammaton, Jehovah or Yahweh in the NT. These include:4
  1. Archbishop Newcome 
  2. The Divine Name KJ Bible
  3. David Robert Palmer's The Gospels of MATTHEW MARK LUKE and JOHN, 20054a, 4b
  4. Elias Hutter's Nuremberg Polyglot (1599) [in the Hebrew rendering, by Hutter himself, of the NT; the name appears as יהוה]
  5. Elias Hutter's 1601 Lectionary [in the Hebrew, as above, and also in the vocalized Hebrew, where it appears as 'jehovah.']
  6. John Eliot's translation into the Massachusett language 
  7. Benjamin Boothroyd's A New Family Bible, and Improved Version, From Corrected Texts of the Originals, 1824
  8. The Emphatic Diaglott, 1864
  9. The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, by George Barker Stevens (1898)
  10. Hebraic Roots Bible, 2012
  11. A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . by Herman Heinfetter (1863)
  12. The New Testament Letters, by J.W.C. Wand, Bishop of London (1946)
  13. The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English
  14. William Robertson's Hebrew NT, 1661
  15. Thomas Fry's Hebrew NT, 1813
  16. Willis Barnstone's The Restored New Covenant, ​2009
  17. The New King James Version, 1982

Note that various missionary translations from the 19th century also use an equivalent of Jehovah in the NT. An equivalent of Jehovah appears in native American translations in [this is not a comprehensive list] these languages, in the form of:
  1. Cherokee: Yihowa
  2. Choctaw: Chihowa
  3. Chippewa: Jehovah
  4. Mohawk: Yehovah
  5. Muskogee: Cehofv
  6. Navajo: Jîho’vah
  7. Wampanoag: Jehovah
  8. Dakota: Jehowa

It must be acknowledged that there is *no* manuscript basis for using Jehovah in the NT; this is indeed a serious matter. The WTB&TS acknowledges this fact upfront at https://www.jw.org/en/publications/bible/study-bible/appendix-c/divine-name-new-testament/: \"Today, however, no manuscripts of the “New Testament” from the first century C.E. are available for us to examine. So no one can check the original Greek manuscripts of the “New Testament” to see whether the Bible writers used the Tetragrammaton.\"  Similar statements are made throughout the translation, especially in the NWTSY [for example, Rom 4.3, discussing Paul's quotation from Ge 15.4]. This is an implicit statement that the use of Jehovah or Yahweh in the NT is not based on any manuscript. But there are 300+ other translations, in various languages and to varying degrees,  that follow this practice; see footnote # 4 below. In our opinion, stating upfront that this is extra-manuscript and giving their reasons [which we can accept intellectually] means this is still very much a valuable translation. A valid criticism of this practice is put forth by DeBuhn, who feels that each instance of Jehovah in the NWT NT should be in a footnote, rather than the main text.

In our ongoing review and comparison of various translations [NWTSY, HCSB, NJB, ESV, NIV, NLT, ASV, REB_89, and others] nearly every rendering of the NWTSY is supported or shared [the ESV is often nearly identical] by some or most of these mainline translations.  Two examples: 1) Jehovah in the OT? ASV, CLV, LEB, LSB, LSV, NJB, RASV, Rotherham, YLT plus others. 2) John 1.1 [the Word was a god]: Moffat, NET [especially footnote 3 tn andsn on Jn 1.1], REB 89, International English Bible [footnote],  Smith-Goodspeed, Translator's NT [also see footnote on Jn 1.1], IEB,  and the NEB. 3) Mt 28.9 [did obeisance to him]: CJB, Darby, Douay, Smith-Goodspeed, NJB, REB 89, Riverside NT, YLT, Weymouth. 
​
The NT of the New World Translation was first issued in 1950.  Attacked immediately for a variety of reasons, it has one very distinctive feature as noted above:  It uses 'Jehovah' 237 times in the NT main text.  As stated in the Appendix [A5 ] of the 2013 version:
===========================================================================================
The NWT \"uses the name Jehovah a total of 237 times in the Christian Greek Scriptures. In deciding to do this, the translators took into consideration two important factors: (1) The Greek manuscripts we possess today are not the originals. Of the thousands of copies in existence today, most were made at least two centuries after the originals were composed. (2) By that time, those copying the manuscripts either replaced the Tetragrammaton with Kyʹri·os, the Greek word for “Lord,” or they copied from manuscripts where this had already been done.

The New World Bible Translation Committee determined that there is compelling evidence that the Tetragrammaton did appear in the original Greek manuscripts. The decision was based on the following evidence:

Copies of the Hebrew Scriptures used in the days of Jesus and his apostles contained the Tetragrammaton throughout the text. In the past, few people disputed that conclusion. Now that copies of the Hebrew Scriptures dating back to the first century have been discovered near Qumran, the point has been proved beyond any doubt.\"
===========================================================================================
As noted in the quote above, in Jesus and his apostles day, the Tetragrammaton also appeared in Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures. For centuries, scholars thought that the Tetragrammaton was absent from manuscripts of the Greek Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Scriptures. That has since been repudiated with additional discoveries.  In the mid-20th century, some very old fragments of the Greek Septuagint version that existed in Jesus’ day were brought to the attention of scholars. Those fragments contain the personal name of God, written in Hebrew characters. So in Jesus’ day, copies of the Scriptures in Greek did contain the divine name. However, by the fourth century C.E., major manuscripts of the Greek Septuagint, such as the Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus, did not contain the divine name in the books from Genesis through Malachi (where it had been in earlier manuscripts). Hence, it is not surprising that in texts preserved from that later time period, the divine name is not found in the so-called New Testament, or Greek Scripture portion of the Bible. [Emphasis added] See the Wikipedia page cited below - 3
===========================================================================================
Some history:  As noted, the NWT NT was issued in 1950, and the OT was released over the next few years in various volumes.  The OT translated the Tetragrammaton as Jehovah consistently throughout the translation, in 6800+ places.  In 1961, a revised complete NWT was released, and almost as distinctive as the use of Jehovah in the NT was the hardcover color of the Bible - a very bright green, almost fluorescent.  It was revised several times, including a major revision in 1984, and again in 2013. The 2013 revision is more readable, less wordy, and altogether better. 

Some notes regarding the NWT:  There are any number of critics, as we note above, some quite severe, of the NWT; there are also those that credit it as a 'major,' 'worthwhile,' 'unbiased' translation [for one, Dr. Jason BeDuhn; for another, Professor Benjamin Kedar of the Hebrew University].

1) The translators chose to remain anonymous.  Bizarrely this became a major point of contention for some time and continues to be mentioned nearly every time a review or critical comments are posted.  The 'Translation Committee' preferred to let the translation stand on its own merits.  None-theless, many of the attacks against it were directed at one presumed translator, Frederick Franz, [ridiculing him as unqualified in Hebrew or Greek] and the other unknowns that shared in the translation. To be clear, there has never been an official confirmation of who was on the NWT Translation Committee.  Other translations take a similar approach, for example, The Twentieth Century New Testament7, the New Century Version, the 1987 revision of the Amplified Bible,6  the Living Bible, 1971,10,11 the New King James Bible,17 the NASB18, The Berean Bible,20 and the Legacy Standard Version.21  For a translation that tilts the other way, very much the other way, consider the NKJV: Around 130 translators are listed [https://www. thomas nelsonbibles.com/nkjv/ scholar-team/]! And for all that, they stuck with the Textus Receptus; very strange. Consider the venerable ASV by contrast. We challenge folks who find the anonymous nature of the NWT translators to name, off hand, two or three of the translators for the ASV.  Does knowing them [or not knowing] affect the value of the work? For the overwhelming majority of readers, the simple answer is NO. The ASV is held in high regard by most scholars, some considering it the most literal version.  Names of the translators are unknown and unimportant.
2) The footnote apparatus in the versions before 2013 was so extensive as to be oppressive; there were very many cross-references. The 2013 edition dropped many of these, retaining what is termed \"most relevant marginal references from previous editions.\"19
3) The 1950-1984 versions, were often stiff, wooden, and wordy in the quest for accuracy.  Stiff might be too mild an adjective. The purpose was to remain faithful to the original text, especially in the OT; that produced some torturous renderings. The 2013 update is a big improvement in many ways.
4) The 2013 revision is stated to have about one-third fewer words and many fewer footnotes. We see both as improvements; some of the renderings are dramatically better.
5) The 2013 revision also broke with longstanding NWT translation practice and included various items that were non-manuscript, such as references to renderings in other translations [for comparison &/or agreement]; graphics of cities, manuscripts and so forth; also twenty basic Bible ques-tions,such as:
6) The 1984 version, called the Reference Bible, has no exact equivalent {not yet anyway}. The WTB&TS is releasing a version of the 2013 edition, book by book, as the Study Bible, with extensive footnotes and other media.   We highly recommend this version.  See this page for more on this edition.  Unlikely to ever see print [due to massive media content], it can be seen here: https://www.jw.org/en/publications/bible/study-bible/books/retrieved 5/26/18].  An interesting feature of this bible is that it can read or listened to, chapter by chapter.8
7) It is hard to believe that all of their Bibles, and other literature, are provided free now.  As in, no charge.  Donations we have seen will be accepted if offered, but they do not request or require these.  Hate them all you want, however, you can't say that about any other publishing house. Note that the original green 1961 [the entire first edition] Bible was offered for $1.00 [the equivalent of $8.61 in 2019]. 
8) Total bibles printed by the Jehovah's Witnesses:  238 million and more as of December 2020.
9) For a very good account of their Bible publishing history see below9
10) When searching for the reason for a certain rendering in the NWT, the ASV rendering may provide a clue
11) The NWT Study Edition [NWTSY] was later released; see the NWTSY page for additional features, such as notes in the Gospels, Acts, Romans, 1  & Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians and Colossians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, 1 & 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, and Hebrews  [as of October 2025]. We are reviewing the Hebrews footnotes - there are about 1000. Again for free-just download the Bible at jw.org.
12) Another change in the 2013 revision is the use of 'executed on a stake' or 'nailed to a stake.'  These replace 'impaled' in earlier editions in order to \"avoid giving a wrong impression about how Jesus was executed.\" [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/w20151215/nwt-bible-2013/, as of 8-23-2023] 
13) As of January 2026, the JW.ORG website reports that the NWT is available in 306 languages
14) For all the vitriol directed at the NWT, note the following:

​Other renderings to emphasize the value of the NWTSY:


Some other check verses:
Acts 20.28:  “Pay attention to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the holy spirit has appointed you overseers, to shepherd the congregation of God, which he purchased with the blood of his own Son.\" Note this comment from Insight on the Scriptures, Volume 1, page 496: In the Christian Greek Scriptures the Greek word rendered “congregation” is ek·kle·siʹa, from which the English word “ecclesia” is derived. Ek·kle·siʹa comes from two Greek words, ek, meaning “out,” and ka·leʹo, meaning “call.” Hence, it pertains to a group of persons called out or called together, either officially or unofficially. It is the word used with reference to the congregation of Israel at Acts 7:38 and is also employed for the “assembly” stirred up by the silversmith Demetrius against Paul and his associates in Ephesus. (Ac 19:23, 24, 29, 32, 41) Most often, however, it is used with reference to the Christian congregation. It is applied to the Christian congregation in general (1Co 12:28); to a congregation in some city such as Jerusalem (Ac 8:1), Antioch (Ac 13:1), or Corinth (2Co 1:1); or to a specific group meeting in someone’s home (Ro 16:5; Phm 2). Accordingly, individual Christian congregations or “congregations of God” are also mentioned. (Ac 15:41; 1Co 11:16) Some English versions use “church” in texts pertaining to the Christian congregation, as at 1 Corinthians 16:19. (AS; KJ) Since many persons think of a church as a building for religious services rather than a congregation engaging in worship, the rendering “church” can be misleading.\" {formatting added} Also, as we note in our comments on other translation's rendering of this word, an overseer cannot shepherd bricks-one shepherds people, and congregation better expresses that meaning. If you prefer another version, check this verse; all too many render it as church, which is wrong.
​
Eph 1.7: \"By means of him we have the release by ransom through the blood of that one, yes, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his undeserved kindness.\" The footnote reads: \"according to the riches of his undeserved kindness: Ephesus was a materially prosperous city, but Paul’s letter stresses that true spiritual riches are connected with God’s undeserved kindness. (Eph 1:18; 2:7; 3:8) Paul uses the Greek term rendered “undeserved kindness” 12 times in his letter to the Ephesians. When he met with the elders from Ephesus on an earlier occasion, he also mentioned this endearing quality.​—Ac 20:17, 24, 32; see study note on Ac 13:43 and Glossary, “Undeserved kindness.” The Glossary entry on Undeserved Kindness reads: \"A Greek word with the central idea of that which is agreeable and winsome. The word is often used to refer to a kind gift or a kind manner of giving. When referring to the undeserved kindness of God, the word describes a free gift given generously by God, with no expectation of repayment. Thus, it is an expression of God’s bounteous giving and generous love and kindness toward humans. The Greek term is also rendered by such expressions as “favor” and “kind gift.” It is given unearned and unmerited, motivated solely by the generosity of the giver.​—2Co 6:1; Eph 1:7.\" 

Acts 20.28: \"Pay attention to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the holy spirit has appointed you overseers, to shepherd the congre-gation of God, which he purchased with the blood of his own Son.\"  The Study Note on this verse reads in in part:
overseers: The Greek word for overseer, e·piʹsko·pos, is related to the verb e·pi·sko·peʹo, meaning “carefully watch” (Heb 12:15), and to the noun e·pi·sko·peʹ, meaning “inspection” (Lu 19:44, Kingdom Interlinear; 1Pe 2:12), “to be an overseer” (1Ti 3:1), or “office of oversight” (Ac 1:20). Therefore, the overseer was one who visited, inspected, and directed members of the congregation. Protective supervision is a basic idea inher-ent in the Greek term. Overseers in the Christian congregation have the responsibility to care for spiritual concerns of their fellow believers. Paul here used the term “overseers” when speaking to the “elders” from the congregation in Ephesus. (Ac 20:17) And in his letter to Titus, he uses the term “overseer” when describing the qualifications for “elders” in the Christian congregation. (Tit 1:5, 7) The terms, therefore, refer to the same position, pre·sbyʹte·ros indicating the mature qualities of the one so appointed and e·piʹsko·pos indicating the duties inherent in the appoint-ment. This account about Paul meeting with the elders from Ephesus clearly shows that there were several overseers in that congregation. There was no set number of overseers for any one congregation, but the number serving depended on the number of those qualifying as “elders,” or spiritually mature men, in that congregation. Likewise, in writing to the Philippian Christians, Paul referred to the “overseers” there (Php 1:1), in-dicating that they served as a body, overseeing the affairs of that congregation.​—See study note on Ac 1:20. {formatting added}

1 See page 18, The Tetragrammaton in the NT

2 Source: https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/activities/publishing/video-translating-sacred-pronouncements-of-god/ retrieved 7-14-16

2a The 2013 edition. Appendix A3, How the Bible came to us,  has this note on the Hebrew source texts used for that version: Hebrew Text: The New World Translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (1953-1960) was based on Biblia Hebraica, by Rudolf Kittel. Since that time, updated editions of the Hebrew text, namely, Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and Biblia Hebraica Quinta, have included recent research based on the Dead Sea Scrolls and other ancient manuscripts. These scholarly works reproduce the Leningrad Codex in the main text along with footnotes that contain comparative wording from other sources, including the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Greek Septuagint, the Aramaic Targums, the Latin Vulgate, and the Syriac Peshitta. Both Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and Biblia Hebraica Quinta were consulted when preparing the present revision of the New World Translation.​


3 Source:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_God_in_the_New_Testament; retrieved 5/25/16


4 See the Appendix of the NWT for an exhaustive list of translations and other references that translate the Tetragrammaton in the NT: https://www.jw.org/en/publications /bible/study-bible/appendix-c/divine-name-new-testament-2/; as of 7-24-2024, there are 350+ translations and the like cited, dating from 1385; many non-English and many missionary translations. A surprisingly diverse listing. 

4a Palmer's version is not listed as of 7/2023. He uses Yahweh some 14 times in the four gospels, all of which are quotes from the OT where the Tetragrammaton appears, such as Matt 4.7 and 4.10, when Jesus quotes from Deut [6.16] in reply to Satan's challenges. Yahweh is also found at Acts 2.34, Ro 9.29, Jas 5.4  [Ro and Jas have 'Yahweh Sabaōth.'] He uses Yahweh in the NT footnotes at times as well.


4b David Roberts Palmer's translation is an interesting work. The fact that it is incomplete and a moving target means we will wait until there's a stable version of his to review. The e-Sword version is just the Gospels, but this site lists these NT books available as a pdf: Acts 1-25, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1, 2, 3 John, Jude and Revelation as of July 4 2023, according to this site: https://bibletranslation.ws/trans/holybible.pdf, retrieved 7-15-2023  For the OT, this somewhat cryptic note is given: The Old Testament being David Robert Palmer's ongoing updating of the ASV Old Testament.  We applaud his use of Yehowah in place of the ASV's Jehovah.  As stated elsewhere in this site, using the Divine Name is much more important, whether Yahweh or Jehovah or Yehowah.  Note that Yehowah appears in the main text in Jas 5.4 and Romans 9.29 to this point, in addition to the 14 instances in the Gospels where the quotation is from the OT where the Tetragrammaton appears, such as Deut 6.16 [where Jesus responds to Satan's temptations]. Jas 5.4 appears to be a quotation from the Septuagint at Deut 24.14, 15 [in Brenton's Septuagint, 24.17].  As of October 2025 some OT books are available for download as pdfs, including Genesis and most of the OT

5 For a listing of scholars and the like endorsing the NWT, try here: https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/faq/new-world-translation-accurate/




6 http://www.bible-researcher.com/amplified.html.  This pertains to the later revision, not the first editions of the work. We find Marlowe's opinion to be colored by his avowedly Trinitarian bent. One example can be found here: http://www.bible-researcher.com/tetragrammaton.html, as of 1/19/2022


7 From the 1902 Preface: \"Undertaken as a labour of love, by a company of about twenty persons, members of various sections of the Christian Church . . .\" November 1901, THE TRANSLATORS.\"


8 Proving us to be poor prophets, in October of 2019 the New World Translation Study Edition [Matthew through Acts] was released in print.  It is not yet available to the general public. In June of 2020, a PDF version was made available here: https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/; click on the Study Edition icon to display the download pdf option. Jehovah's Witnesses have fully embraced digital publishing however the print edition of the Study Bible is a print tour de force of graphics, reference material and beauty in the printed page. Very difficult to obtain; if you are able to score a copy you will no doubt find it an exceptional example of printing technology. And yes - it is free.  If you can find one from any congregation of JW's. 


9 Source: https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/activities/publishing/video-translating-sacred-pronouncements-of-god/ retrieved 7-14-16


10 http://www.bible-researcher.com/lbp.html, retrieved 12-21-19

11 This is not to say that the translators are totally, definitively unknown; rather, the translation itself does *not* give credit to any one person, nor has there ever been an official WTB&TS release of the 1961, 1984 or 2013 edition translators; Googling the translation/translators results in any number of guesses about the Translation Committee. Note that not all of the original members of the Committee likely were available [due to death] for the 1984 revision, and certainly not for the 2013 revision.  In the end, our opinion is: to be fair, it must be examined on the basis of the work, not the supposed or actual translators. In that respect, it holds up well.


12 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World_Translation_of_the_Holy_Scriptures, retrieved 2-4-2020


13 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World_Translation_of_the_Holy_Scriptures#cite_note-93, retrieved 2-4-2020 


14 https://www.dailychess.com/forum/spirituality/new-world-translation.153415, as of 2-4-2020


15  Ibid


16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Wikgren, as of 2-4-2020

17 Truth in Translation, Jason DeBuhn, page 30; not to be confused with the NKJV

​18 Ibid, page 39.  Regarding the translators that worked on the NASB, note this: \"The translation work was done by a group sponsored by the Lockman Foundation.[16] According to the Lockman Foundation, the committee consisted of people from Christian educational institutions of higher learning and from Evangelical Protestant, predominantly conservative, denominations (Presbyterian, Methodist, Southern Baptist, Church of Christ, Nazarene, American Baptist, Fundamentalist, Conservative Baptist, Free Methodist, Congregational, Disciples of Christ, Evangelical Free, Independent Baptist, Independent Mennonite, Assembly of God, North American Baptist, and \"other religious groups\"). The Lockman Foundation's website indicates that among the translators and consultants who contributed are Biblical scholars with doctorates in Biblical languages, Christian theology, \"or other advanced degrees\", and come from a variety of denominational backgrounds. More than 20 individuals worked on modernizing the NASB in accord with the most recent research.\"  But note again- no names of those who worked on the NASB.  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New _American_Standard_Bible

19 https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/study-bible/appendix-a/nwt-revision-features/, as of 3-3-2021

20 The Berean Bible is an interesting relatively new translation.  Copyright stated as 2016, 2020 and 2020 by Bible Hub; however their website states, as of this writing [6-20-24] that the \"work is now in the public domain\" and \"Licensing is not required for any use.\" Curiously that wording is attached to a form to apply for licensing the work. All in all little is available about the translation; an e-Sword version [the interlinear] is available. We may review the Berean Bible in the future, ideally after the BSB Reference Bible is available.

21 The Legacy Standard Bible [LSB, see our review here and recommendation], Inside Column Reference edition, 2021, is silent about who the translators were. The LSB website states: \"The translation committee consists of a group of biblically qualified, faithful men from the Master’s University and Seminary, all of whom are scholars and preachers. The translation also went through an extensive review process from a team that consists of scholars and pastors from all around the world.\"

22 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin#:~:text=Modern%20Catholic%20usage,-Ecclesiastical%20Latin%20continues&text=The%20Second%20Vatican%20Council%20(1962,the%20texts%20of%20canon%20law. Retrieved 12-17-24

23 Source: https://g3min.org/four-words-that-changed-the-world/?srsltid=AfmBOooGGynzK1uFCAnFctdluI1u8MX6qN9w1J- NJf5t3recBRIWTVnoD, as of 10-13-2025

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