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Translation of the Bible​​​​​​​​ is a serious, sacred task. Scholars may engaging in this work often spend years learning Hebrew and/or Greek. And most translations give lip service at least to their obligation.  Whether that results in a good translation is another matter.  Many translations are fatally flawed as we see things. Most English translations do not translate the Divine Name of God, a flaw that we find most distressing. So what? you may say.  Not translating the Divine Name means replacing 7000 or so of the original words in the Hebrew text. Seven thousand  is a lot of changes; they are in fact errors, mistranslations. To be exact, the replacement of the Divine Name with LORD or GOD also requires 1) removing the Divine Name from the Bible,  placed in the original text by God himself; and 2) adding  at least two additional words. To demonstate: 

​Ex 15.18 reads, in the English Standard Version [ESV]: \"The LORD will reign forever and ever.\"  Yet - both the and LORD are not in the original Hebrew whereas Yahweh is there. This verse reads, in the New Jerusalem Bible: \"Yahweh will be king for ever and ever.”  The ESV omits the Divine Name, called the Tetragrammaton, and replaces it with 'the LORD.' Which amounts to three separate changes.  Why this is so is discussed in great detail in our review of the ESV, the NASB, the RSV, and others; why the Divine Name of God should appear in all Bibles can be seen in the review page for the NWT and NWTSY [see here for an explanation of translation abbreviations used in this site].18

Note that much of this site is devoted to the review of Bible translations in English, focusing to a large extent on how they handle the Divine Name primarily in the OT; we also comment often on how various translations render certain verses in the NT and OT.  The opinions presented herein are those of the staff of this site; we accept no advertising and the opinions are ours alone.  We spend time each week comparing and reviewing renderings of various verses in various translations, and so feel qualified to publish our ratings in this forum.  To be fair, we have often found that a reviewer's opinion of a version is directly related to the rendering of a favorite verse in that translation; the greater the agreement for a single verse or a few verses, the higher ranking a reviewer gives for the version.  We note [often in this site BTW] that while not every translation is a good one, there is merit in almost every translation and a study and understanding of the Bible is not solely dependent on a certain translation.  A caveat:  there are a few with flaws so fundamental to translation that we recommend avoiding them; these are called out on the landing page in red italics. Two that come to mind are the Hebraic Roots and the Tri-Column Bibles. That being said, we have studied the Bible with dozens of folks, and at times the student insisted on only using one particular translation or another, such as the KJV or the NJB [complete with the Imprimatur and Nihil Obstat]. The preference of a student for a particular translation has never hindered the progress of any with whom we've studied the Bible. Which is to say that one can get the truth of the Bible from nearly any translation. 
 
Returning to the central tenet of this site, assessing how a translation renders the Divine Name [or does not render it, all too often the case]: Consider the most common name in the Bible. In Hebrew, it appears as  יְהוָ֥הwhich when transliterated into English is YHWH [note that Hebrew is read right to left, the opposite of English].  In Hebrew it is yod-he-wah-he.  It occurs some 68281 times in the Hebrew text of the OT. It is the name of God, and tragically, criminally, is most often rendered as LORD or GOD in English translations; HERR in German, l'Éternel in French, SEÑOR in Spanish, SENHOR in Portuguese,  and HEERE in Dutch.  The correct rendering  of the Tetragrammaton [a Greek term for the Divine name,  meaning four letters] is hotly debated; two of the more common renderings in English are Jehovah and Yahweh.  

Wait, someone might say; the name of God is, well, God.  No!  If you ask a Hindu believer to whom he prays, he may respond 'God.'  If you ask a Protestant [Lutheran, Methodist, Baptist, any variation] the response will be 'God.' An adherent of Islam may say 'God.' Yet the God to whom each one prays is for sure not the same person.  This illustrates what is wrong with thinking that God is a name.  God is not a name; it is a title.2  The same holds true for Lord.  A title is *not* a name; as such it does not identify one person or entity; as we note, there are many many Gods.  If that seems doubtful, consider Ex 7.1, which reads {Darby}: 'And Jehovah said to Moses, See, I have made thee God to Pharaoh; and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet.'  
 
So why then is there any question over how to render the name of God?  To answer that, we need to go back in time to how the Bible was written, in one of the original languages, Hebrew.  Hebrew for centuries was written down without vowels, and the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet are all consonants.  So the first phrase of that sentence, if written in a similar fashion, would appear as Hbrw fr cntrs ws wrttn dwn wtht vwls.  When reading what was written, vowels were supplied by the reader, based on the context [modern Hebrew is somewhat different, using what is called vowel pointing]. At some unknown point in times past, a superstition arose among Jews with respect to pronouncing aloud the name of God, to the extent that it is not possible now to know what the original pronunciation of YHWH was.  When that superstition took hold is also impossible to state with any certainty.  But note that the Bible clearly shows that worshippers of Jehovah used the name 'Jehovah' [that is, the Divine Name in Hebrew] in everyday life, before the nation of Israel came into being, during the time of the 12 tribe kingdom, and after the split into the 10 tribe (Israel) and 2 tribe (Judah) kingdoms. The time period immediately before  Jesus lived, during his lifetime and thereafter is then where the usage of the Divine Name, if any in the view of some, is in dispute.  However, the extensive use of Theophoric names in this period makes it difficult to reasonably conclude that the Divine Name was not known and used to some extent. See this page for more on Theophoric names, and here-  

Examples of such are [see the Theophoric pages in this site for more on these]:

  1. Matthew: [English translation of the Greek 'ματθαιος or Ματθαῖος' (Strong's G3156, mat-thah'-yos, Matthaeus), from the  Hebrew   מתתיה Mattithiah meaning \"Gift of Jehovah\"; Matthew appears 5 times in the NT 
  2. John: [English translation of the Greek Ἰωάννης [Strongs G24912a: Iōannēs  ee-o-an'nace;  Of Hebrew origin [H3110], Joannes (that is, Jochanan)  English equivalent of the Hebrew name Jehohanan or Johanan, meaning “Jehovah Has Shown Favor; Jehovah Has Been Gracious; Jehovah is a gracious giver [Thayer].\" John appears in the NT 136 times [in the ESV per e-Sword; 133 KJV]. But note that the Hebrew alphabet does not have a 'J' so more correctly those names are Yehohanan or Yohanan, regardless of what Strong's states.  Latin also lacks a 'J'  as does Greek.
  3. Jesus : Jesus is the Latinized / English rendition of the Greek Iesous, which in turn is rendered from the Hebrew Yeshua, a shortened form of Yehoshua. Again, in Greek  it is Ἰησοῦς - Iēsous, (Strong's G2424, ee-ay-sooce -Of Hebrew origin [H3091]; Jesus (that is, Jehoshua)).  It appears 966 times in the ESV NT [HCSB NT, 948; CLV, 960; NWT84, 917; Phillips, 948; ASV, 922 ]17. It is plainly unreasonable to think that the Divine Name - embedded as it is in the Hebrew name of Jesus,  [meaning, in Hebrew, Jehovah is Salvation] was not pronounced when the Son of God's name was called [the progression is Hebrew Yehoh-shu'a -->Greek Iesous -->Latin Iesu-->English Jesus.]  One must keep in mind the Latin form of Jesu/Iesu, as it appears in the Latin Vulgate. As is noted elsewhere, there is no J in Hebrew, Greek or Latin.
  4. Ananias: Strong's: Greek ανανιας, Of Hebrew origin [H2608]; Strong's: H2608: חֲנַנְיָהוּ   חֲנַנְיָה  chănanyâh, chănanyâhû, khan-an-yaw', khan-an-yaw'-hoo From H2603 and H3050; Jah has favored; Chananjah; in English, translated as Hananiah. Ananias is the Greek version of Hananiah, which in Hebrew means Jah has favored; Ananias appears 11 times in the NT​
  5. ​There are others:  Elijah [appearing 29  times in the NT] and Abijah [appearing 3 times], and Zechariah [Strong's H 2148 - זְכַרְיָה  - Jah has remembered, 11 times] are  a few examples.
                   
Complicating matters here is the fact that Hebrew has 22 letters, Greek has 24 and English 26.  Unhappily, neither Hebrew, Greek  or Latin use the letter J. So what is found in Hebrew as a Y often travels over to English ultimately as a  'J.'  This is significant when one thinks of Jesus - not a name anyone called or knew of in the first place  [or second or up to the 15th century] in English.14  For that matter, for centuries the Son of Man was called Iesu [Hebrew to Greek by way of how it appears in Latin] courtesy of the Vulgate.15
​
Returning to facts regarding the usage of the Divine Name: For instance,  the account of Abraham's servant sent to fetch a wife for Isaac provides an example of the usage of Jehovah.  In Genesis 24, the Tetragrammaton is used in everyday speech 15 times.  The ASV, JB, LEB, LSB, NJB, NWTSY or an interlinear are the best for reviewing this; they use Jehovah or Yahweh or יְהוָ֥ה in each of the occurrences in the Hebrew text.  Moving forward to the time of David, Saul, and Jonathan, I Sa 19 through 1 Sa 29 records nine (9) instances of David, Saul & Jonathan saying \"As Yahweh lives;' [in the JB and NJB: 1 Sa 19.6, 20.3, 20.21, 25.26, 25.34, 26.10, 26.16, 28.10, and 29.6]. Those using this oath phrase are King Saul, his son Jonathan, the 'people' of Israel,'  David, his future wife Abigail, and Abner, Saul's chief of the army.  In chapter 26, the Tetragrammaton is used sixteen (16) times. 1 Sa as a whole contains 318 occurrences of the Tetragrammaton; 2  Chron 383 times. Bibles that do not use the Divine Name, then, are in error, in 1st Samuel, some 318 times.  In the Psalms, it appears some 680 times [NWT 84] as Jehovah, 646 [NJB] as Yahweh, 695 times as Yahweh in the LSV, 693 [also as Yahweh] in the LEB, 730 in the LITV [Jay Green's translation] as Jehovah.
 
Thus, uncertainty around the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton is often cited by translators in their preface or translation notes as the reason that YHWH is translated as LORD or GOD therein; the use of capitals signifies that the original word rendered is יְהוָ֥ה.However, note that the Jewish superstition relates to speaking the divine name, not writing it.  The Masoretic text always, ALWAYS, included [and includes] the Tetragrammaton. Additionally, to repeat: Jesus is not the name by which the Son of God was called in the first century.  Jesus comes from the Greek Iesous [by way of Latin], itself a translation of his name in Hebrew, Yeshua or Yehoshua, the name by which he would have been addressed. Yehoshua is Hebrew for Jehovah or Yahweh is salvation or Jehovah saved.  [Strong's Concordance has this entry for Joshua at Joshua 1.1: \" יְהוֹשֻׁעַ יְהוֹשׁוּעַ yehôshûa‛ yehôshûa‛yeh-ho-shoo'-ah, yeh-ho-shoo'-ah From H3068 and H3467; Jehovah-saved; Jehoshua].\" In this instance, there is no uncertainty: Jesus is *not* a name used in the first century by anyone. Yet that name, a Latinized version, of the Greek version, of the Hebrew original, can be found 966 times in the NT [in the ESV - see this page for a key to the Versions cited herein]. Rendering the 'we're not sure how to pronounce it so we'll leave it out' argument dead is the fact that there is no J in Hebrew; Jesus was never what called by that English name. So this 'reason' is exposed as specious; it means that, if followed,  Jesus should not be found in an English bible, which it is, nearly 1000 times.

Consider the early [partial] translation of the OT in English by William Tyndale in 1530.3  A marginal note in this edition [containing just the first five books of the Bible, the Pentateuch] states:  “Iehouah is God’s name . . . Moreover as oft as thou seist LORD in great letters (except there be any error in the printing) it is in Hebrew Iehouah.” Note that English, at that point, rendered what appears to the modern reader as a 'J' in the form of the letter 'I' when it appeared next to a vowel; the same is true for a 'v;' when next to another vowel, it was changed to look [to modern folk] like the letter 'u' in form. Tyndale's translation practices were and are influential; many subsequent translations continued this practice, including the Bishop's, Geneva and King James.  Until the American Standard version was issued in 1901, nearly every translation rendered the Tetragrammaton mostly as LORD, and in n instances, Jehovah [or Iehouah, to be more precise; Iehouah would morph into Jehovah towards the latter part of the 17th Century in the KJV]. The American Standard Version, still available for purchase, renders Jehovah some 6889 times [according to E-Sword]. The Lexham Bible, an online and /or download-only version, uses Jehovah 6807 times in 5776 verses [again per e-Sword, but see below].
 
Here is a partial list of translations that render the Tetragrammaton consistently in the OT [more or less, as noted] as Jehovah, Yahweh or some variation [others sometimes render the Divine Name sporadically, such as the Holman Christian Standard Bible; others have it only in footnotes, such as the NET]. Nearly all have the coveted ATB+M stamp of approval; some also render the Divine Name in the NT, in the main text {NWT, Hutter, Barnstone} or in footnotes {NET, LSB} 
 
  1. American Standard Version, 1901:                    6889
  2. Benjamin Boothroyd, 1824:                   6863 {OT & NT and a few in footnotes}  
  3. BHS {Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Enhanced; BHS+English+Strong's)}   6828
  4. Biblia Sacra, 1581 [Tremellius/Junius]: 4294 [likely 6800+ but 4142 due to search limitations]16  Note that searching 'iehova' and 'jehova' both produce results; a visual review of an original copy in our possession reveals many occurrences of Jehova in the Latin, something that is eye-catching15 
  5. Concordant Literal Version,1931:         6970 [Yahweh] in 5904 verses per e-Sword
  6. David R. Palmer, 2025                            6918 {Yehovah} including both the OT and NT 20
  7. Divine Name KJ Bible, 2012                   6973 Update of the KJV: translates all instances of the Tetragrammaton in the OT as Jehovah 
  8. Darby, 1890:                                             6829 [in 5791 verses, per e-Sword]
  9. German Darby Elberfelder, 1905:         6871 [Jahwe, per e-Sword]
  10. Hebraic Roots Bible, 2012:                     8122 [This translation appears to make wholesale replacements of God with YAHWEH and is on our list of translations to avoid;  see here-
  11. JB Rotherham, 1902:                                               6830  [Yahweh] 
  12. Jerusalem Bible, 1966:                            6813   [Yahweh] 
  13. La Bible de Jerusalem, 1955, 1973        7515 {Yahvé} {including footnotes} French Translation, ancestor of sorts of the JB and NJB19
  14. Legacy Standard Bible, 2021:                6844 [Yahweh]12
  15. Lexham English Bible, 2012:                  6807 in 5776 verses [in the main text, as of 9-23-17, e-Sword; including footnotes in the OT, 7008]
  16. Literal Standard Version, 2020              6831 [a revision of Young's Literal Translation that uses YHWH for the Divine Name]
  17. Literal Translation, 1976-2000:              6866 [per e-Sword; Jay Green's translation, an interlinear Hebrew & Greek printed edition] 
  18. Modern King James Version, 1998:       6895  [also by Jay Green, one of several revisions of the KJV that he 'edited'                 
  19. Modern Literal Version, 2019:               6882  [and 2020, 2021 as well]
  20. New Jerusalem Bible, 1985                    6813   [Yahweh]
  21. New World Translation, 1984:                             7201   
  22. New World Translation, 2013:               7216 [main text; OT:6979, NT: 237]
  23. Nacar-Colunga, [SP], 1944:                    6705 [Yahvé, per e-Sword]
  24. Refreshed American Standard, 2020:  68278
  25. Reina Valera Gomez, 1909:                    6797 [per e-Sword, Biblia, Antiguo y Nuevo Testamento, Versión De Casiodoro De Reina (1569) Revisada Por Cipriano De Valera (1602), Otras Revisiones: 1862, 1909 Y 2012 ]; alternatively 57955 known as the Bear Bible for the title page image​
  26. Samaoan, 1887:                                       6845 [in 5804 verses, per e-Sword; this is in the public domain now]
  27. The Scriptures, 200913                           7149 [6954 in the OT, 193 in the NT occurrences of the Tetragrammaton - יהוה]
  28. Tyndale OT, 1530                                          22 Out of respect for Tyndale and his martyr status we include his contribution to the OT, which was limited to just the Pentateuch and maybe one other book. This is from the Tyndale/Rogers/ Coverdale OT, per e-Sword 
  29. Union Bible, 1913                                     6841 [Also known as the Holy Bible Improved Edition]. NT first published as a whole in 1864, a revised edition published in 1891 by the American Baptist Publication Society; a complete Bible was then published in 1912 and 1913 
  30. Young's Literal Translation, 1898:                         6831

Of lesser glory:
  1. Complete Jewish Bible, 1998:                  53   [27 [Halleluyah] + 22 [Jah] + 4 transliterations of the Tetragrammaton: \"Yud-Heh-Vav-Heh\"                 ( י ה ו ה )], and 152 instances of ADONAI [for the Tetragrammaton] in the NT
  2. Emphatic Diaglott (NT), 1864:                  15 + [in the NT] with another dozen or more references in footnotes and appendices
  3. Everett Fox, 1995, 1999:                        1500+ [Estimated: Fox's translation uses YHWH for the Tetragrammaton; this statistic is for the Pentateuch only]
  4. Ferrar Fenton, 1903, 1966:                     139  See the Fenton translation page here
  5. Holman Christian Standard Bible:         654+ See the translation review page here
  6. Julia Smith, 1876:                                    6934 [note: Other than the use of Jehovah, there's little to recommend here; this is a brutal translation; if indeed it qualifies as a translation. Stiff, wooden, poorly done, self-published. Reading it is painful. See footnote 3 on page 142 for more-]
  7. Living Bible, 1971:                                    428
  8. Names of God, 2011:                             58566
  9. New Living Translation, 2015                   11 [Yahweh, primarily in Exodus [9 times] one in Genesis and one in Judges]. There are however over 400 occurrences of the Divine Name in the Masoretic Text in Exodus alone; why only 11 were translated is difficult to understand.9
  10. Portuguese Almeida Corrigida              298 times [per e-Sword, translation dated to 1948]. Commonly called the Almeida translation
  11. The Passion Translation, 2017                 25 times in this partial translation {OT: Psalms & Proverbs only; NT: all} Note that 13 of the instances of Jehovah in the main text are in the NT, where quotation from the OT contains the Tetragrammaton in Hebrew11 
  12. UPDV, 2018                                             6920 times;  as of this writing [November 2020], a non-traditional translation made available free of charge [a printed edition is available for purchase here: https://www.updated.org/] that has some quirky attributes10

The stated purpose of this site is to promote the Bible as God's word, and to that end, to point out translation practices that have an adverse effect on the version and the reader. 

Another principle we feel strongly about is that nearly every translation of the Bible has value, and one seeking to study the Bible can get the truth of the scriptures from nearly any version [see the Side by Side page, also the Translation Comparison pages]7.  Some, however, are better than others, unquestionably.  And we take issue with all translations that do not use the name of God, whether rendered as Jehovah, Yahweh or Jahve,   Nearly always they are disqualified in our ratings.  For a partial list of English translations, see this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations.

Note that translations appearing in red are not recommended  in any circumstance-
​

1 source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragrammaton

2  Some do however make this argument, namely that God is the name or one of the names of God, namely here: https://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elohim. Some also maintain the earth is flat and that the Easter Bunny is real, alas. Hop-hop -

2a  These numbers are a reference to the system that James Strong devised.  By hand, he listed every word in the King  James Bible and listed where in the Bible each appeared; he went further and assigned a number to all Greek and Hebrew words.  So the reference here [Strongs G2491] means that the Greek word referred to is # 2491.  A designation of a Hebrew word according to Strong is similarly prefaced by 'H.\"  Per Wikipedia: \" His dictionaries were meant to give students a quick and simple way to look up words and have a general idea of their meaning.\" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong%27s_Concordance, as of 12-12-24. We recommend getting a copy of Strong's Concordance; a used copy should be available for $15-$30 {try ThriftBooks}. He completed his work in 1890; Strong was also a contributor to the English Revised Version and the American Standard Bible; he also was a co-editor of McClintock& Strong's Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature.

3 http://www.bible-researcher.com/tyndale4.html, retrieved 3-6-19; the colophon is dated Jan 17, 1530, but 1531 is likely the year according to modern reckoning

4  Per e-Sword; note that some translations here show the number of verses in which the Divine Name appears, others the actual occurrences


5 As noted here: https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=Jehov%C3%A1&qs_version=RVA, retrieved 3-2-19 

6 Source: https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=yahweh&qs_version=NOG, retrieved 3-16-19. The Names of God version [Baker Publishing, 2011] is in our judgment a deeply flawed translation; the editor persists in calling Elohim a 'name' of God, when clearly it is a title used at times of other gods in the OT, as in Judges 6.31. A 'good' example of a bootleg, bad translation to avoid. Elohim means God, as is emphasized in this quote from Insight on the Scriptures, WTB&TS, 2018: \"In its articles on Jehovah, The Imperial Bible-Dictionary nicely illustrates the difference between ʼElo·himʹ (God) and Jehovah. Of the name Jehovah, it says: “It is everywhere a proper name, denoting the personal God and him only; whereas Elohim partakes more of the character of a common noun, denoting usually, indeed, but not necessarily nor uniformly, the Supreme. . . . The Hebrew may say the Elohim, the true God, in opposition to all false gods; but he never says the Jehovah, for Jehovah is the name of the true God only. He says again and again my God . . . ; but never my Jehovah, for when he says my God, he means Jehovah. He speaks of the God of Israel, but never of the Jehovah of Israel, for there is no other Jehovah. He speaks of the living God, but never of the living Jehovah, for he cannot conceive of Jehovah as other than living.”​—Edited by P. Fairbairn, London, 1874, Vol. I, p. 856. [formatting added]


7  For an interesting list of translations available online, try this site: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations, as of 10-28-20




8 As of 2-1-2023, a 'refreshed' version is available at https://www.rasv.org/.  It covers all of the OT and NT, with no apocrypha.

9 The NLT is a revision of a paraphrase. The Living Bible is the source for the NLT and it was 'revised' [Tyndale House would have you consider it a translation] first in 1996, and additional versions were released in 2004, 2007, 2013 and 2015. Given that parentage and the Living Bible's use of Yahweh over 400 times, it's even more difficult to understand how the Divine Name appears just 11 times in the main text. See here as well: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Living_Translation, as of 10-21-2020

10 The UPDV has one or two notable features, such as rendering the Tetragrammaton as Yahweh consistently in the OT.  It also has some very odd and objectionable peculiarities, such as the NT books preceding the OT. The author / editor considers the NT as 'most important' and so presents the Gospel of John as the first book. We are familiar with over 150 translations, mainly in English but also in Spanish, French, German and a few in Hebrew.  We know of no other translation that follows this practice. In our opinion, the UPDV work is a minor, bootleg, vanity version. Besides the bizarro nature of presenting John first, the editor [he does not qualify as a translator in our opinion; he acknowledges being self-taught as to his 'knowledge' of the original languages]; he also sets aside nearly two thousand years of translation history and has decided that Acts is not canonical. And various chapters and verses are left out of this work [it does not rise to the level of a translation in our opinion]. To all of this we say, rubbish. This version is a primo entry into our 'NOT RECOMMENDED' Hall of Shame. Considering that the Muratorian catalogue or fragment, dated to the second century CE, lists Acts as an accepted book in the biblical canon, it takes a large measure of ego to contradict that document 1800 years + after the fact. The reasoning given is specious and frankly ridiculous. In John 1.1, the Greek logos is rendered as 'the Speech.' The Greek here is λογος, Strong's 3056, and is defined by Jamieson, Fausset and Brown Commentary as \"Of that by which the inward thought is expressed, Lat. oratio, sermo, vox, verbum. 1. a word, not in the grammatical sense of a mere name (ἔπος, ὄνομα, ῥῆμα), but a word as embodying a conception or idea: Mat_8:8, Luk_7:7, 1Co_14:9; 1Co_14:19, Heb_12:19.\" However, in Rev 19.13, the same Greek is rendered as 'word:' \"And in the word of God his name is also called, He [who is] arrayed in a garment dipped in blood.\"  Besides the inconsistency here, note that this is tortured English; speak like this no one does [does Yoda maybe?]. Even at the free price, stay away from this 'version.'  Some other 'features:' Again Acts is held to be non-canonical; various chapters in Matthew are 'reconstructed' including adding material from Mark and Luke where the 'editor' thought this necessary; changes in the order of verses/chapters are made to conform to the perceived 'correct' chronological order of events. Matthew's gospel can be seen as more thematic than strictly hewing to the actual chronological order of events covered. This issue is not unknown to believers today nor was it unknown in the second century CE; witness the second century work known as the Diatessaron that attempted to reconcile/harmonize the four Gospel accounts. It is our considered judgment that this work is of little interest to sincere Bible lovers, considering the liberties taken with the text and the breathtaking arrogance of the editor.  Without naming him or giving credit to him, this is a Marcion [an early 'Apostate Christian' heretic]  follower's delight. Our strong recommendation: Avoid and ignore this work.

11  For more information, see https://www.thepassiontranslation.com/faqs/, as of 4/22/2021







12  The Legacy Standard Bible is said to be an update of the NASB 1995 edition, published by the Lockman Foundation, copyright holder of the NASB. Its chief feature of interest to this site is the consistent use of Yahweh in the OT. Notable also is its inclusion of Yahweh in many NT verses [in footnotes].  See here for our review of this translation. Given the resolutely vehement posture of the NASB WRT using the Divine Name, it is beyond unusual to read the OT in this version and see the Divine Name.  Unusual and good, if long overdue. Perhaps this is the start of a trend for the 'mainline' English translations.  We review the McArthur Study edition of the LSB here and the LSB is on our list of recommended translations. We now regularly include the LSB in our comparison pages and have been retro-fitting its renderings into existing comparisons.


13 Notable for rendering the Divine Name [7149 times, OT & NT] as יהוה and Jesus as יהושע. While using the Tetragrammaton in the main text is certainly better than LORD or GOD, The Scriptures misses the point in our opinion of a translation. How is the original language word to be read  / spoken in the target language? This convention as we see it is weak.  If your work is a translation, then translate; if it's an interlinear then knock yourself out.  It appears that those using this device cannot decide how to translate the Divine Name. Many scholars prefer Yahweh; the traditional is Jehovah and some use Jahve.  What is important is not how accurate the rendering, for we certainly do not say Jeremiah or Mary or Matthew or John or Joseph as they were said in the original Hebrew, so why make this argument for the Divine Name?  Jesus is the best example of this hypocrisy: No one for centuries called him Jesus; his given name is Yehoshua, abbreviated to Yeshua often. In Greek it is Iesous

14 For more on the history of J in English see here: https://www.marstranslation.com/blog/what-was-the-most-recent-letter-added-to-the-english-alphabet#:~:text=All%20this%20change%20may%20make,although%20the%20sounds %20were%20different. Retrieved 11-29-2023





15 The exact original progression looks like this: יֵשׁוּעַ [Heb] --> Ἰησοῦς [Gk] --> IESU [Latin] --> IESUS [Middle English] --> Jesus [Modern English]. What we know as Jesus was, to his followers, pronounced as Yeshua or Yehoshua.  The Greek progression was Iesous, according to some.

16 Source: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?q1=jehova;field1=ocr;a=srchls;lmt=ft&facet=topicStr:%22Bible%22, as of 2-1-2023

17 The disparity between these and others is the translation practice of some versions to insert 'Jesus' based on the context while the actual Greek has 'he' for example. Not something to be concerned with in our opinion, though it is interesting that the NASB, lauded by some as the 'most' literal translation available, has 997 Jesus occurences, the most in we saw in our brief survey of translations and the use of Jesus in the NT.  An example:
  1. The NASB at Matt 8.1 reads: \"When Jesus came down from the mountain, large crowds followed Him.\" 
  2. And at Matt 8.3 it reads \"Jesus reached out with His hand and touched him, saying, “I am willing; be cleansed.” And immediately his leprosy was cleansed.\" 
  3. ​One explanation may be that the Textus Receptus [the base text for the KJV and others] does have Jesus at Matt 8.3:
  4. ​The other versions listed are not based on the TR; the 1984 NWT is based on Westcott and Hort, and the 2013 revision is said to also be based on \" . . . early papyri, thought to date back to the second and third centuries C.E., were also used. . . . more papyri have become available. In addition, master texts such as those by Nestle and Aland and by the United Bible Societies reflect recent scholarly studies.\" The NASB is based on Eberhard Nestle's Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th edition for the 1995 revision; the NET,  the Novum Testamentum Graece (27th ed., 1993); UBS Greek New Testament (4th corrected ed.)
​​​​​

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18 Regarding our review of the NWT: Some may wonder why it is as extensive as it is.  In our wanderings and research gathering for this site and in general the pursuit of our Bible-based faith, we note that the NWT is reviled at times; it is by far the translation that attracts the most heat.  Any number of 'experts' aver that it is not a valid translation in their opinion, such as that opinion is. So our review of the NWT considers many factors, dozens of verses and the extensive Study Notes available for many NT books [as of this writing, Deember 2025, Mathew throught Hebrews]. Sadly some 'experts' when questioned admit that they have not read the NWT. That speaks volumes about the fairness and reasonableness of their opinion. As we state elsewhere in this site, the proof of a translation's value is in the work, not the reputation that it carries.  The reputation, or lack thereof, of the translators is also not an accurate guide to the value of the version.  The work speaks for itself; we recommend looking at this page, how we rate translations, if you are interested in what we use for our ratings.

19 La Bible de Jerusalem is available in various editions, including one sumptous four volume set that includes illustrations by Picasso among others {1973, 1998 & 2003}.  It renders the Divine Name as Yahvé; the number of occurrences shown here {7515} is an estimate based on an internet search and includes footnotes. The Masoretic text has it some 6800+ times.

20 David R. Palmer's translation of the Gospels is perhaps well-known; he has also published an online translation of the entire Bible.  At this writing some of the links are not working but you can wear your fingers out with a mouse to get to all of the books.  He uses 'Yehovah' throughout the entire work {OT and NT}, which some on our staff see as a compromise between the traditional Jehovah and Yahweh {and we're in agreement with eliminating the J - Hebrew does not include a J in its alphabet.  His use of the Divine Name in the NT is sporadic, for example he has it in Matt 4. 7 and 4.10, but not in 4.4. These verses are the temptation of Christ and quote from Deut 8.3 {Mt 4.4}, Deut 6.16 {Mt 4.7} and Deut 6.13 {Mt 4.10}.  In the Masoretic text, Jehovah / the Tetragrammaton are present in those verses.  Why Palmer does not bring the Divine Name forward in verse 4 is not explained in any of his footnotes.  In all, Yehovah  is present four times in the main text and five times in footnotes in Matthew. Why he chose this form of the Divine Name is also not explained, at least not where we could find it.  

​​Background image: Expansion of Christianity from Smith's Bible Atlas out of e-Sword



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