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Bibles<br></div>","verticalAlignment":"top"},"metaData":{"position":{"left":-102,"top":76},"size":{"width":196,"height":35}}},{"type":"freeText","id":"id1573742319391","elementProperties":{"tagName":"DIV","behaviours":null,"isLocked":false,"name":"Text 14","baseName":null,"templateID":"templateid1573742319392","templateName":null,"order":23,"customStates":null,"isElementWasEditedInMode":false,"showHoverEffects":true,"skinInformation":{},"isSupportsMobile":false,"isVisibleInMode":true,"isFixed":false,"topZIndex":0,"elementOpacity":1,"staticMargin":{"horizontalMargin":0,"verticalMargin":0},"sizeAndPosition":{"width":505,"height":5304,"left":-480,"top":46},"lastResizingSize":{"width":505,"height":5241,"left":-480,"top":46},"isVisibleInLastSection":true,"isVisibleInLastDataItem":true,"attributes":null,"metaProps":null,"metaItemType":null,"metaTitle":null,"styleBindingId":null,"styleBindingFields":null,"shadow":{"blur":0,"spread":0,"top":0,"left":0},"glow":{"spread":0,"blur":0,"color":"black"},"isParallaxBackground":false,"parallaxBackgroundSpeed":0.5,"isParallaxElement":{"isActive":false,"speed":1,"delay":0},"effectsOptions":{"isParallax":false,"oneTimeAnimation":false,"duration":1200,"startDistance":200,"startVisibility":0.8,"distance":300,"measureDistanceType":3,"delay":0,"distanceDelay":0,"runInLoop":false,"flyDirection":2,"direction":"horizontal","movementDistanceHorizontally":200,"movementDistanceVertically":0,"autoStartDistanceSettings":true,"autoDistanceSettings":true},"effects":null,"binding":null,"innerGlow":{"spread":0,"blur":0,"color":"black"},"innerShadow":{"top":0,"left":0,"spread":0,"blur":0,"color":"black"},"display":"fixed","cellItem":null,"cellHorizontalAlignment":"none","basicUserCanEdit":true,"backgroundColor":{"brightness":0,"mainColor":2,"opacity":0,"variation":4},"imageUrl":"","imageLayout":"stretchedToFill","imagePosition":{"vertical":"center","horizontal":"center"},"origImage":"","imageOpacity":1,"backgroundOverlay":"transparent","isVisible":true,"verticalLayout":"normal","horizontalLayout":"normal","fillLayout":{"fillHorizontal":false,"fillVertical":false},"margin":{"top":0,"left":0,"bottom":0,"right":0},"borderWidth":{"top":1,"right":1,"bottom":1,"left":1},"roundness":{"topLeft":0,"bottomLeft":0,"topRight":0,"bottomRight":0},"borderColor":{"top":{"mainColor":2,"variation":1,"opacity":1,"brightness":0},"left":{"mainColor":2,"variation":1,"opacity":1,"brightness":0},"right":{"mainColor":2,"variation":1,"opacity":1,"brightness":0},"bottom":{"mainColor":2,"variation":1,"opacity":1,"brightness":0}},"borderStyle":{"top":"solid","left":"solid","bottom":"solid","right":"solid"},"padding":{"top":2,"right":2,"bottom":2,"left":2},"rotationAngle":0,"verticalAlign":"center","horizontalAlign":"left","horizontalContentAlign":"center","startSelected":false,"urlAddress":null,"openInNewTab":false,"openInTopWindow":false,"shouldUnderlineChildren":false,"namedTextStyle":null,"fontColor":{"mainColor":2,"opacity":1,"brightness":0},"textShadow":{},"lineHeight":{"pixels":14,"percentages":120,"unit":"percentages"},"letterSpacing":0,"fontSize":14,"font":{"themeFont":"body1"},"contentTextTransform":"none","isBold":false,"isItalic":false,"isUnderline":false,"textStyle":{"bold":false,"underline":false,"italic":false},"textDirection":2,"dataBinding":null,"formattedText":"<div><strong>Polyglot Bibles</strong> are an interesting sub-genre of Bible publishing. From <em>Poly</em> [many] + <em>glot</em> [tongue or language], they feature the NT, OT or both in at least two languages. There are some quite important Polyglots of note:</div><div><br></div><ol><li><strong>Origen's Hexapla</strong><sup>1</sup><strong></strong>, around 240 CE, composed of six translations of the OT in six side-by-side columns; these were:<ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">The Hebrew consonantal text<sup>1a</sup></span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Greek transliteration of the Hebrew text</span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Aquila's Greek translation</span></li><li class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"><u><a href=\"https://editor.sitebuilder.com/page-146-symmachus-and-the-tetragrammaton\" data-attached-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Pages&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;id1664374656712&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Page 146 - Symmachus and the Tetragrammaton&quot;}\" class=\"wz-link internal-link\">Symmachus's Greek translation</a></u></span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">A critical recension [by Origen] of the Septuagint, with an apparatus to highlight diffe</span>rences between the Hebrew and Greek</li><li>Theodotion's Greek Translation<ul><li>His translation was a revision of the Septuagint or some other Greek version of the Hebrew Scriptures, though he considered the Hebrew text itself<br></li></ul></li><li>Origen's work was a massive <b>50 volume&nbsp;</b>work</li><li>It survives only in fragments</li></ul></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"><strong>The <u><a href=\"https://editor.sitebuilder.com/page-47-the-complutensian-polyglot\" data-attached-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Pages&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;id1553358719890&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Page 47 - The Complutensian Polyglot&quot;}\" class=\"wz-link internal-link\">Complutensian Polyglot</a></u></strong>, 1522 [Cardinal Cisneros]</span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><ul><li class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">The Complutensian Polyglot was the first <em>printed</em> Greek NT [though not the first printed NT to be released; see <u><a href=\"https://editor.sitebuilder.com/page-48-erasmus\" data-attached-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Pages&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;id1553361184879&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Page 48 - Erasmus&quot;}\" class=\"wz-link internal-link\"><em>Erasmus</em></a></u>&nbsp;for details on the machinations around this<u></u>]</span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Cardinal Cisneros started accumulating various manuscripts in Spain in 1502</span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Latin, Greek, and Hebrew scholars were invited to participate in the work; Erasmus was invited but declined</span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Work on the NT was completed and printed&nbsp;in 1514,&nbsp;but the work was held up in order to complete the OT and release the entire work [as it happened, in six folio volumes] simultaneously</span><ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">In the meantime, in 1516, Erasmus got wind of the work and secured from the Pope [and Emperor Maximilian] exclusive rights to publish his edition of the&nbsp;NT for four years</span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">The OT work was completed in 1517 but had to be held until Pope Leo sanctioned its release in 1520</span><ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Cardinal Cisneros, who funded the work at great expense, died several months after the work was completed</span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">He did not live to see the Polyglot in print</span></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">It is understood that the Polyglot was not released until 1522</span></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Six hundred copies on paper were produced, and six on vellum</span><ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">However, only 123 are known to exist at present</span></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Many copies were lost in a shipwreck<sup>2</sup></span></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">The Polyglot consists of <strong>six massive volumes</strong></span><br><ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">​The first four are the OT, with&nbsp;</span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">five columns:</span><ol><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Upper page: </span><br><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Greek LXX with Latin interlinear</span><br></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Latin Vulgate&nbsp;</span><br></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Hebrew with&nbsp;Hebrew roots in the margin&nbsp;<br></span></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Lower page:</span><br><ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Aramaic</span><br></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">Latin translation of Aramaic with&nbsp;Aramaic roots in the margin<sup>3</sup></span></li></ul></li></ol></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span>The fifth volume is the NT, with:<br><ul><li>Parallel columns of Greek and the Latin Vulgate</li></ul></li><li>Volume six contains various 'Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek dictionaries and study aids.<sup>4</sup><sup></sup></li><li>The British Library has a copy of the CP<br></li><li>Cisneros, in keeping with the Church's adamant opposition to the Bible in vernacular languages, did not include Spanish in the languages found in the CP</li><li>He felt that the Bible should be available only in the languages that appeared on the inscription above Jesus' head while on the stake: Latin, Hebrew &amp; Greek</li><li>Hebrew scholar and converso&nbsp;Antonio de Nebrija was an early participant in the translation; he was an expert in the translation of Latin and was employed to revise the Vulgate for the CP</li><li>Nebrija argued that when there was a discrepancy between existing manuscripts, the original Greek was the touchstone, rather than the Latin that Cisneros and the Church insisted should be paramount<br></li><li>Nebrija quit the project rather than be part of an inferior work&nbsp;</li></ul></li><li>One of our greatest privileges was to see and handle an actual copy of the Complutensian Polyglo</li><li>It was awe-inspiring to hold in our hands&nbsp;a 500 year old link in the chain of initiatives that contributed to the betterment of Bible understanding and helped to advance the cause of vernacular translations, especially English<br><ul><li>Tyndale used the CP as his basic Hebrew text when translating into English</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><strong>Antwerp Polyglot</strong>, 1572 [Benito Arias Montanus]<ul><li>Also known as the <em>Plantin Polyglot</em> and the <em>Biblia Regia</em></li><li>It was funded and sponsored through another Spanish king, Philip II of Spain<ul><li>Christopher Plantin was a well-known printer of the sixteenth century</li><li>Plantin had to navigate a difficult path due to the shifting religious currents [such as the Reformation] during his life</li><li>Benito Arias Montano served as editor<br></li></ul></li><li>Plantin's Polyglot contained both the OT and the NT, in <strong>eight volumes </strong>of about 700 pages each</li><li>​The principal languages of the Polyglot are Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and Syriac<br></li><li>Part of the purpose for the Polyglot was to update the Complutensian Polyglot</li><li>The first four volumes contain the OT<br><ul><li>The left page has the Hebrew original with a Latin translation<ul><li>The right page the Greek equivalent with its own Latin translation</li><li>Underneath these columns are an Aramaic translation on the left-hand side <br></li><li>A&nbsp;Latin translation of this appears on the right</li></ul></li><li>Volume 5 contains the NT in Greek and Syriac, also with a Latin translation of each<ul><li>A translation of the Syriac into Hebrew is also included in Volume 5</li></ul></li><li>Volume 6 contains the original Hebrew and Greek for the entire Bible, as well as an interlinear&nbsp;version of both</li><li>The last 2 volumes contain dictionaries and various grammatical&nbsp;helps for scholars</li><li>One of the more outstanding features of the Antwerp Polyglot is the Syriac translation&nbsp;of the NT it made available to scholars<ul><li>For the first time, the Syriac was available to European scholars, along with a Latin translation of the Syriac</li><li>The Syriac is one of the oldest translations of the NT<br></li><li>Dating from the fifth century&nbsp;C.E., the Syriac version was based on manuscripts dating back to the second century&nbsp;C.E<br></li></ul></li><li>1200 copies on paper&nbsp;and 12 on parchment were printed<ul><li>Only 600 copies were circulated however<sup>5</sup></li></ul></li><li><sup>​</sup>The British Library has a copy of the Antwerp Polyglot<sup></sup><br></li><li>The Antwerp Polyglot, and Arias Montano, came under heavy fire because of the methodology used; Arias Montano went back to the original Hebrew &amp; Greek rather than using the Vulgate as the source of preference; he was denounced to the Spanish Inquisition over this practice</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><div><strong><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"><a href=\"https://editor.sitebuilder.com/page-58-elias-hutter\" data-attached-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Pages&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;id1555600400950&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Page 58 - Elias Hutter&quot;}\" class=\"internal-link wz-link\" data-cke-saved-href=\"#!id1555600400950\">Nuremberg Polyglot</a></span>,</strong> 1599 [Elias Hutter]</div><ul><li>​Elias Hutter converted to Christianity and served as a Professor of Hebrew at Leipzig University<br></li><li>In 1599 [see image to the right] his NT was published in Nuremberg [Latin: <em>Noriberge</em>]</li><li>Hutter's NT presents each verse in twelve languages<br><ul><li>In six horizontal and two vertical columns<br></li></ul></li><li>&nbsp;The languages are:<ul><li>Hebrew, Latin, Greek, Syriac, German, Bohemian<sup>6</sup>, Italian, Spanish, French, English, Danish, and Polish<br></li><li>When Hutter searched for the Hebrew translation of the NT he could not find one<br></li><li>So Hutter produced his own translation<br></li><li>Hutter, Hebrew by birth, opted to quote the Masoretic text when the NT verse was cited</li><li>In such instances, Hutter&nbsp;replaced the Vulgate's Kyrios [<em><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><span style=\"color:#0884da;\">Κυρίου</span></span></em>] with the Tetragrammaton [<span style=\"color:#0c7dcc;\"><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">יהוה</span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">]-2 examples:</span></span><ul><li><span style=\"color:#0c7dcc;\"><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"></span></span>Matthew 1.20 is the first occurence of the Tetragrammaton in the phrase 'angel of Jehovah'</li><li><span style=\"color:#0c7dcc;\"><span style=\"font-size:18px;\">​<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">​Matthew 3.3 is a quote&nbsp;from Is 40.3, where the Tetragrammaton appears in the original Hebrew&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"><strong></strong></span><br><ul><li>Is 40.3 [NJB] reads:\"A voice cries, 'Prepare in the desert a way for <strong>Yahweh</strong>. Make a straight highway for our God across the wastelands.\"<br></li><li>Matt 3.3 quotes from Is 40.3 and&nbsp;in Hutter's Hebrew translation the verse reads:<span style=\"font-size:16px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;כי זה הוא אשר נבא עליו ישעיהו הנביא לאמר קול קורא במדבר פנו דרך <span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\">יהוה</span> ישרו מסלותיו׃</span><br></li><li>The Hebrew in red is the Tetragrammaton, where Hutter replaced the Greek <em>kyrios</em> [lord] with the Divine Name&nbsp;</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"><strong>Paris Polyglot</strong>, 1629-1645 [Gabriel Sionita]</span><br><ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">\"First printed texts of the&nbsp;Syriac&nbsp;Old Testament&nbsp;(edited by Gabriel Sionita, a&nbsp;Maronite, but the&nbsp;Book of Ruth&nbsp;by&nbsp;Abraham Ecchellensis, also a Maronite) and of the&nbsp;Samaritan Pentateuch&nbsp;and version by&nbsp;Jean Morin&nbsp;(Morinus). It has also an&nbsp;Arabic&nbsp;version, or rather a series of various Arabic versions.\" {from&nbsp;<em>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyglot_(book), </em>12-16-2020]</span><br></li></ul></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"><strong>London Polyglot</strong>, 1655-1657&nbsp;[Brian Walton]</span><ul><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">​​\"The last great polyglot . . .&nbsp;including, among other things, the&nbsp;Syriac&nbsp;of&nbsp;Esther&nbsp;and of several&nbsp;apocryphal&nbsp;books for which it is wanting in the Paris Bible,&nbsp;Persian&nbsp;versions of the Pentateuch and&nbsp;Gospels, and the&nbsp;Psalms&nbsp;and&nbsp;New Testament&nbsp;in&nbsp;Ethiopic. Walton was aided by able scholars and used much new manuscript material. . .\" {<em>Ibid</em>}</span><br></li><li><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">This polyglot has eleven volumes</span><br></li></ul></li></ol><div><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\">​​</span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"></span><br></div><div><strong>Polyglot finances:</strong><br></div><div>Noteworthy is the fact that Polyglots have often proved to be financial sinkholes for the Publishers.&nbsp; The Complutensian Polyglot was funded by Cardinal Xisneros, and the immense expense included the purchase of various Hebrew and other manuscripts, which were then collated, edited and put into manuscript form; Cisneros funded all of these. Just the preparation of the manuscripts ran 10 years, while the Cardinal footed all of the expenses of the scholars and what not needed to produce the CP.&nbsp; Typesetting Polyglots is a very labor intensive work; some Polyglots have had to have fonts created specially for the volume. Hutter's Polyglot was a financial disaster and led to his fleeing Nuremburg. Regarding the Antwerp Polyglot, note this quote: <em>\"Printing the Bible required thirteen&nbsp;printing presses&nbsp;and fifty-five men to run them, as well as expert linguists who acted as proofreaders.</em>\"&nbsp;<em> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Plantin_Polyglot,</em>&nbsp;10-3-22]&nbsp;<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Of lesser note:&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>&nbsp;7.&nbsp;<strong> Bagster's 1831​ Polyglot</strong><br></div><ul><li>From&nbsp;<em>http://s-studies.0catch.com/DocRob/bible/polyglots.htm</em>:</li><li>\"The crowning achievement of Samuel Bagster &amp; Son, paramount publishers of scholarly&nbsp; Bible-related works in the first half of the 19th century, this polyglot consists of eight languages plus (in Appendices) the Samaritan Pentateuch (the Kennicott edition) and the Syriac New Testament (based on the&nbsp;Peshitta&nbsp;version, edited by Widmanstad of Vienna in 1555).\"<sup><span style=\"font-size: 11.6667px;\">7</span></sup><br><ul><li>The Hebrew Old Testament is that of Van der Hooght's 1705 version; a Hebrew New Testament was prepared by William Greenfield. <br></li><li>The Greek Septuagint in it&nbsp;is based on Cardinal Carafa's edited text of the&nbsp;Codex Vaticanus,&nbsp;while the Greek New Testament is that of the&nbsp;Textus Receptus.&nbsp;The Latin text is that of the official Vulgate version of 1592.​</li><li><div>Modern languages include English (the King James Version), German (Luther's version), French (Ostervald's version), Italian (Diodati's version) and Spanish (Scio's version). <br></div></li><li><div>Thus, this work is a mixture of both Catholic and Protestant texts, boldly laid out for comparison to the ancient version in the classic languages. <br></div></li><li><div>Also included in the Appendices are variant readings from Grabe's scholarly edition of the Septuagint, and from Griesbach's Greek New Testament.\"</div></li></ul></li><li><div>We possess a couple of copies of Bagster's 1831 <em>Polyglotta</em></div><ul><li><div>It measures 18\" x 11\" x 5\" and weighs upwards of ten lbs. It is not a Sunday go-to-meeting volume<br></div></li><li>As a scholarly work it is impressive; as a practical matter, the type is small and&nbsp;the paper is of a lesser quality than one would expect</li><li>Handling the volume requires two hands, a strong back and ideally a large table</li></ul></li></ul><div><br></div><div>​​<sup>1 </sup>From Wikipedia:&nbsp;<em>\"The&nbsp;<strong>Hexapla</strong>&nbsp;was the cornerstone of the Great Library of Caesarea, which Origen founded.[114]&nbsp;It was still the centerpiece of the library's collection by the time of Jerome, [114]&nbsp;who records having used it in his letters on multiple occasions. [114]&nbsp;When Emperor&nbsp;Constantine the Great&nbsp;ordered fifty complete copies of the Bible to be transcribed and disseminated across the empire, Eusebius used the&nbsp;Hexapla&nbsp;as the master copy for the Old Testament.\" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen, 'Exegetical Writings.\"&nbsp; </em>And note his other works also from the same Wikipedia article on Origen<em>: \"For some sections of the&nbsp;Hexapla, Origen included additional columns containing other Greek translations;[109]&nbsp;for the Book of Psalms, he included no less than eight Greek translations, making this section known as&nbsp;<strong>Enneapla</strong>&nbsp;('Ninefold').[109]&nbsp;Origen also produced the&nbsp;<strong>Tetrapla&nbsp;</strong>('Fourfold'), a smaller, abridged version of the&nbsp;Hexapla&nbsp;containing only the four Greek translations and not the original Hebrew text.[109]\"&nbsp; </em>{formatting added}<br></div><div><em></em><br></div><div><sup>1a</sup> That is, the Hebrew text contains only consonants, no vowels.&nbsp; When reading the text, one would know and put in the vowels to make it intelligible speech. Modern Hebrew has vowel points.</div><div><br></div><div><sup></sup><br></div><div><sup></sup><em></em><sup>2</sup><em>\"Reconsidering the&nbsp;Relationship between the ComplutensianPolyglot Bible and Erasmus’ Novum Testamentum</em>,\"&nbsp;Ignacio Garcia Pinilla, 2016 <br></div><div><br></div><div><sup>3</sup> Note the order of the translations - the Latin Vulgate is in the middle, between the Greek and the Hebrew&nbsp;<em>original&nbsp;</em>language texts! Said Cisneros in the Prologue to the Polyglot: \"<em>We have placed the Latin translation of the blessed Jerome between that of the Synagogue [the Hebrew text] and that of the Oriental Church [the Greek text], just as the thieves were hung, one on each side of Jesus, who represents the Roman, or Latin, Church.</em>” Such was his regard for the Vulgate that, when one of the&nbsp;Latin scholars, Antonio de Nebrija, recommended to Cisneros that \"<u>Each time that a variation appears in the Latin manuscripts of the New Testament, we ought to go back to the Greek manuscripts. Every time there is a disagreement between various Latin manuscripts or between Latin and Greek manuscripts of the Old Testament, we ought to search for accuracy in the authentic Hebrew source;</u>\" Cisneros would not allow this, clinging to the Church's veneration of&nbsp;the Vulgate. Cisneros refused to allow Nebrija to correct the Latin Vulgate. Nebrija quit the project rather than put his name to a deficient revision. Note that Cisneros was also the Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition from 1507 to 1517, a period that coincides with the work on the Polyglot. It is significant that the Polyglot did *<strong>not</strong>* include a translation in Spanish, in keeping with the Church's opposition to vernacular translations versus the Vulgate. See <u><a href=\"https://editor.sitebuilder.com/page-153-the-latin-vulgate-translation\" data-attached-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Pages&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;id1671660322977&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Page 153 - The Latin Vulgate Translation&quot;}\" class=\"wz-link internal-link\">this page</a></u> for more on the Vulgate. Keep in mind that the Vulgate is a&nbsp;<em>translation</em>&nbsp;from the 4th century, and while Cisneros felt justified in viewing it as the authoritative source in the 16th century, it is curious strange that the Church continues to view the Vulgate with regard that approaches reverence.&nbsp; \"<em>The Vulgate is still currently used in the&nbsp;Latin Church\" </em>per Wikipedia<i>&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate</i>, as of 12-16-23]. The current 'authorized' version of the Vulgate is the <em>Nova Vulgata</em>, 1979.<br></div><div><br></div><div><sup>4&nbsp;</sup>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complutensian_Polyglot_Bible#cite_note-Ehrman77-4<sup></sup><br></div><div><br></div><div><sup>5</sup> \"<em>THE ANTWERP POLYGLOT BIBLE (1572): VISUAL CORPUS, NEW WORLD ‘HEBREW-INDIAN’ MAP, AND THE RELIGIOUS CROSSCURRENTS OF IMPERIAL SPAIN</em>,\"&nbsp;Pamela Merrill Brekka, 2012<br></div><div><br></div><div><sup>6</sup>&nbsp;<em>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language</em>&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><sup><span style=\"font-size: 11.6667px;\">7</span></sup> Bullet points from:&nbsp;<em>http://s-studies.0catch.com/DocRob/bible/polyglots.htm</em>, retrieved 11-20-19<br><u><br></u><sup>8</sup>&nbsp;<em>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Greenfield_(philologist)</em>, 12-16-2020<br></div><div><br></div><div>For a site featuring a four [and three in the NT] polyglot version, see here:&nbsp; 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