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Foreordained?</span><br></div>","verticalAlignment":"top"},"metaData":{"position":{"left":-282.00006103515625,"top":96.0001220703125},"size":{"width":587,"height":67}}},{"type":"freeText","id":"id1723908639454","elementProperties":{"tagName":"DIV","behaviours":null,"isLocked":false,"name":"Text 19","baseName":null,"templateID":"templateid1723908639455","templateName":null,"order":23,"customStates":null,"isElementWasEditedInMode":false,"showHoverEffects":true,"skinInformation":{},"isSupportsMobile":false,"isVisibleInMode":true,"isFixed":false,"topZIndex":0,"elementOpacity":1,"staticMargin":{"horizontalMargin":0,"verticalMargin":0},"sizeAndPosition":{"width":961,"height":4810,"left":-480,"top":79},"lastResizingSize":{"width":960,"height":4076},"isVisibleInLastSection":true,"isVisibleInLastDataItem":true,"attributes":null,"metaProps":null,"metaItemType":null,"metaTitle":null,"styleBindingId":null,"styleBindingFields":null,"shadow":{"top":0,"left":0,"spread":0,"blur":0,"color":"black"},"glow":{"spread":0,"blur":0,"color":"black"},"isParallaxBackground":false,"parallaxBackgroundSpeed":0.5,"isParallaxElement":{"isActive":false,"speed":1,"delay":0},"effectsOptions":{"isParallax":false,"oneTimeAnimation":false,"duration":1200,"startDistance":200,"startVisibility":0.8,"distance":300,"measureDistanceType":3,"delay":0,"distanceDelay":0,"runInLoop":false,"flyDirection":2,"direction":"horizontal","movementDistanceHorizontally":200,"movementDistanceVertically":0,"autoStartDistanceSettings":true,"autoDistanceSettings":true},"effects":null,"binding":null,"innerGlow":{"spread":0,"blur":0,"color":"black"},"innerShadow":{"top":0,"left":0,"spread":0,"blur":0,"color":"black"},"display":"fixed","cellItem":null,"cellHorizontalAlignment":"none","basicUserCanEdit":true,"backgroundColor":"transparent","imageUrl":{"id":153315541,"imagePath":"https://storage.googleapis.com/production-sitebuilder-v1-0-0/210/246210/KjO7fs3N/356eb4dc5a6348ee9fb26d306da59f7c","ownerID":20200814,"storageServer":0,"imageWidth":1175,"imageHeight":1792,"isTemporary":false},"imageLayout":"stretchedToFill","imagePosition":{"vertical":"center","horizontal":"center"},"origImage":"","imageOpacity":0.24,"backgroundOverlay":"transparent","isVisible":true,"verticalLayout":"normal","horizontalLayout":"normal","fillLayout":{"fillHorizontal":false,"fillVertical":false},"margin":{"top":0,"left":0,"bottom":0,"right":0},"borderWidth":{"top":1,"right":1,"bottom":1,"left":1},"roundness":{"topLeft":7,"topRight":7,"bottomLeft":7,"bottomRight":7},"borderColor":{"top":{"mainColor":2,"variation":2,"opacity":1,"brightness":0},"left":{"mainColor":2,"variation":2,"opacity":1,"brightness":0},"right":{"mainColor":2,"variation":2,"opacity":1,"brightness":0},"bottom":{"mainColor":2,"variation":2,"opacity":1,"brightness":0}},"borderStyle":{"top":"solid","left":"solid","bottom":"solid","right":"solid"},"padding":{"top":10,"right":10,"bottom":10,"left":10},"rotationAngle":0,"verticalAlign":"center","horizontalAlign":"left","horizontalContentAlign":"center","startSelected":false,"urlAddress":null,"openInNewTab":false,"openInTopWindow":false,"shouldUnderlineChildren":false,"namedTextStyle":null,"fontColor":{"mainColor":2,"opacity":1,"brightness":0},"textShadow":[],"lineHeight":{"pixels":14,"percentages":120,"unit":"percentages"},"letterSpacing":0,"fontSize":14,"font":{"themeFont":"body1"},"contentTextTransform":"none","isBold":false,"isItalic":false,"isUnderline":false,"textStyle":{"bold":false,"underline":false,"italic":false},"textDirection":2,"dataBinding":null,"formattedText":"<div><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span></span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><strong>Ephesians 1.5</strong> reads [ESV]: <em>\"he <strong>predestined us for adoption</strong> as sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will.\"&nbsp;</em> This page examines the Greek behind<strong> 'predestined'</strong> and how various translations render it.&nbsp;<br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">The Greek here is [from the Kingdom Interlinear]:&nbsp;<br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"></span><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\">προορίσας</span></span></span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><sup>1</sup>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;ἡμᾶς&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;εἰς&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;υἱοθεσίαν&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; διὰ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Ἰησοῦ&nbsp; &nbsp;Χριστοῦ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;εἰς&nbsp; &nbsp;αὐτόν,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;κατὰ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;τὴν&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span><br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-2\"></span></span>&nbsp; <em>having&nbsp; defined before&nbsp; &nbsp;us&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; into&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;placing (as) son&nbsp; &nbsp;through&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Jesus&nbsp; &nbsp;Christ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;into&nbsp; &nbsp;him,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;according to&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;</em><br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; εὐδοκίαν&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;τοῦ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; θελήματος&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; αὐτοῦ</span><br><em>&nbsp;thinking well&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;of&nbsp; the&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; will&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;of him</em><br>&nbsp;</span><br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>From the TR:<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;<span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\">προορισας</span></span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"></span> ημας εις υιοθεσιαν δια ιησου χριστου εις αυτον κατα την ευδοκιαν του θεληματος αυτου&nbsp;<br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span><em>Note that</em></span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">&nbsp;<em></em><em><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\">προορισας</span></em></span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em> is the same as above but the first letter is not capitalized here. &nbsp;The Greek manuscripts were written without punctuation for the most part so there is no difference between all of the Greek versions cited here; they all have</em></span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><em>&nbsp;</em></span><span style=\"font-size:18px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><em>προορισας</em></span></span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"></span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em></em></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>The word in question is&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span></span></span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">προορίσας</span></span></span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">&nbsp;</span></span> [Strong's G4309] and <em>Thayer's Greek Definitions</em>&nbsp;says this:</span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"></span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">&nbsp;προορίζω</span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> proorizō&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Thayer Definition:</em><br>&nbsp;1) to predetermine, decide beforehand<br>&nbsp;2) in the NT of God decreeing from eternity<br>&nbsp;3) to foreordain, appoint beforehand<br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">​</span><br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Here are various English renderings [see <u><a href=\"https://editor.builder-sbr.networksolutions.com/page-38-list-of-translations-cited\" data-attached-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Pages&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;id1552480983153&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Page 38 - List of Translations cited&quot;}\" class=\"wz-link internal-link\">page 38</a></u>&nbsp;for the key to Bible abbreviations]:&nbsp;</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">ABP+:&nbsp; &nbsp;Having <strong>predefined us</strong> for adoption through Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good-pleasure&nbsp; of his will,</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">AMP:&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;For He <strong>foreordained us (destined us, planned</strong> in love for us) to be adopted (revealed) as His own children through Jesus Christ, in accordance with the purpose of His will [because it pleased Him and was His kind intent]--</span></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Another version of the AMP uses <strong>predestined</strong></span><br></span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">ASV:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;having <strong>foreordained us</strong> unto adoption as sons through Jesus Christ unto himself, according to the good pleasure of his will,</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>Barnstone:&nbsp; He <strong>destined us adopted</strong> as his children Through&nbsp;Yeshua Mashiah according to the Pleasure of his will&nbsp;<br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">BBE:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;As we were <strong>designed before</strong> by him for the position of sons to himself, through Jesus Christ, in the good pleasure of his purpose,</span></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>The 'before' is good but 'designed?'</span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">CJB:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;He <strong>determined in advance</strong> that through Yeshua the Messiah we would be his sons -- in keeping with his pleasure and purpose --</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>CLV:&nbsp;&nbsp;in love <strong>designating us beforehand</strong> for the place of a son for Him through Christ Jesus; in accord with the delight of His will,</span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">ContextGV:&nbsp;&nbsp;having <strong>preappointed us</strong> to adoption as sons through Jesus the Anointed to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will,</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">ESV:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;he <strong>predestined</strong> <strong>us</strong> for adoption as sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will,<br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">ERV:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;And<strong> before the world was made, God decided to make us his own children</strong> through Jesus Christ. This was what God wanted, and it pleased him to do it.</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">GNB:&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;God had <strong>already decided</strong> that through Jesus Christ <strong>he would make us his children</strong>—this was his pleasure and purpose.</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">GW:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Because of his love <strong>he had already decided to adopt us </strong>through Jesus Christ. He freely chose to do this&nbsp;</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Goodspeed:&nbsp;&nbsp;He <strong>foreordained us</strong> <strong>to become his sons</strong> through Jesus Christ, in fulfilment of his generous purpose,</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">HCSB:&nbsp;&nbsp;He <strong>predestined</strong> us<strong> to be adopted</strong> through Jesus Christ for Himself, according to His favor and will,<br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Holy NC:&nbsp;&nbsp;God <strong>planned long ago</strong> that <strong>we become His own sons</strong> through Jesus Christ. This would please God; it is what He wanted.</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>JB:&nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>determining </strong>that we should <strong>become his adopted sons</strong>, through Jesus Christ, for his own kind purposes,</span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">JMNT:&nbsp;<strong>In love [He was] marking us out beforehand</strong> (or: definitively appointing us in advance; before-setting our boundaries and defining us, with a designation) [<strong>and directing us] into a placing in the condition of a son </strong>(or: a deposit of the Son; a setting in place which is the Son; the constituting as a son; a placing in the Son) <strong>through and by means of Jesus Christ [moving us] into Himself, according to</strong> (or: down from; in correspondence with; following the pattern of) the good thought, the intention of well-being, and the well-imagined delight of His will (determined purpose).&nbsp;</span></span></div><ul><li class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-2-4\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">As is common in this work, the <u><a href=\"https://editor.builder-sbr.networksolutions.com/page-163-jonathan-mitchell-nt\" data-attached-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Pages&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;id1702409839948&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Page 163 - Jonathan Mitchell NT&quot;}\" class=\"wz-link internal-link\">Jonathan Mitchell NT</a></u> uses 15 words where other versions use 5, or perhaps fewer.&nbsp; We leave it to the reader to decide which is better, but we find this version tedious.&nbsp; What does the verse say? Was he 'marking us out beforehand' a nice rendering of the Greek? Or was he 'definitively appointing us in advance?' 'Before setting our boundaries and defining us?' It's entirely too much work to decide which rendering is what should be read here and in nearly every other verse you look at. 'Marking us out beforehand' is not great but it is the best of the choices presented in this version. 'Less is more' is not a phrase this translator knows. It is a mystery to us why this translator does not decide what is the best rendering of the verse, and then put the other options into footnotes or publish a commentary, which we would be happy to examine. He would then have a somewhat readable version. As we say, a mystery.&nbsp; We count<strong> 115 words </strong>{!}&nbsp;in this verse; no other work we cite here has near to 40 words.&nbsp; And let us mention our disdain for 'moving us into himself' - or 'a placing in the Son.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></em></span></span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Jub. 2000:<strong>&nbsp;​having marked out beforehand way </strong>for us to be adopted as sons by Jesus Christ in himself, according to the good pleasure of his will,&nbsp;</span></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Better than pre-destined but weak. Also some tortured English - where is the indefinite article before 'way?'</span></em></span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">​</span></em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Lattimore: <strong>preordaining</strong> us for adoption to himself as sons through Jesus Christ, by the favor of his will</span><br></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">LSB:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;by <strong>predestining</strong> us to a<strong>doption as sons</strong> through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,<br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>LSV:&nbsp; Having <strong>foreordained</strong> us to the&nbsp;<strong>adoption of sons</strong> through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,&nbsp;</span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">MLV 2021:&nbsp; &nbsp;God <strong>beforehand determined us</strong> toward the <strong>sonship</strong> through Jesus Christ to himself, according-to the delight of his will</span></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Another phrase we see as tortured English.&nbsp; God determined beforehand is much better.</span></span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Moffat:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong>destining us in love</strong> to be his <strong>sons</strong> through Jesus Christ. Such was the purpose of his will,</span></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Painful English - 'destining us' isn't something one is likely to hear in everyday speech, or otherwise</span><br></span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>MSG:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Long, long ago he decided to adopt us</strong> into his <strong>family</strong> through Jesus Christ. (What pleasure he took in planning this!)</span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">A simple but effective rendering in English of the point that Paul makes here-we see this as better than 'foreordained' or 'predestined' or 'determined in advance'<br></span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Murdock:&nbsp; and <strong>adopted us</strong> for <strong>sons</strong>, in Jesus the Messiah, as was agreeable to his pleasure:&nbsp;<br></span></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">Adoption yes, but note Murdock&nbsp;leaves out the essential understanding of this adoption - that it was planned ahead of the fact&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></em></span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">NASB:&nbsp; He <strong>predestined us </strong>to adoption <strong>as sons and daughters</strong> through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,</span><br></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">The only one we've come across that adds 'and daughters' for which there is no basis in the Greek.&nbsp;</span></span><br></li><li><font face=\"oxygen\">The NASB adds 'and daughters' as an homage, as we see it, to the current passion for gender-inclusiveness</font></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">NET:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;He did this by <strong>predestining</strong> <strong>us</strong> to adoption as his legal heirs through Jesus Christ, according to the pleasure of his will –<br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">NIRV:&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;So he <strong>decided long ago</strong> to <strong>adopt us as his children</strong>. He did it because of what Jesus Christ has done. It pleased God to do it.</span></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">A good workable rendering of the Greek</span></em></span></li></ul><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">NIV:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; he <strong>predestined us </strong>for adoption to sonship through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will—<br></span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">NIV84:&nbsp;&nbsp;he <strong>predestined us</strong> to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will—</span></span></div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">NJB:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>marking us out for himself beforehand</strong>, to be adopted sons, through Jesus Christ. Such was his purpose and good pleasure,<br>NLT:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;God <strong>decided in advance</strong> <strong>to adopt us</strong> into his own family by bringing us to himself through Jesus Christ. This is what he wanted to do, and it gave him great pleasure.<br></span></span></div><div>NTFE:&nbsp; He <strong>foreordained us</strong> for himself, to be adopted as sons and daughters through Jesus the king. That's how he wanted it, and that's what gave him delight,</div><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">NWTSTY:&nbsp;&nbsp;For he <strong>foreordained us</strong>&nbsp;to be adopted as his own sons&nbsp;through Jesus Christ, according to his good pleasure and will</span></span></div><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">To grasp this rendering, we need to parse 'foreordained.' Fore is ahead of time, easy, but ordain means to appoint someone to a ministerial function, as in a priest or minister.</span></em></span></li><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">The NWTSY has these two comments:</span></em><br></span><ul><li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span></em></span><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">F<strong>or he foreordained us</strong>: In the Greek text, it is also possible to connect this expression with the preceding verse, making the sentence read: “For in love [vs. 5] he foreordained us.”</span></em></span>​</div></li></ul></li></ul><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><ul><li><ul><li><div><em><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><div><em style=\"background-color: initial; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><strong>he foreordained us</strong>: Jehovah foreordained, or determined in advance, that a group of Christ’s followers would be adopted as sons of God to rule with Jesus in heaven. He foreordained the group, not the individuals. Jehovah’s purpose was included in the prophecy at Ge 3:15, which Jehovah declared shortly after Adam sinned.​—Ga 3:16, 29; see study note on Ro 8:28</span></em></div><ul><li><em style=\"background-color: initial; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">The footnote's explanation here of 'or determined in advance</span></em>' is perhaps the simplest / best &nbsp;explanation of this verse-</li></ul></span></em></div></li></ul></li></ul><div>Schonfield: For he <strong>designated us in advance</strong> for adoption as his <strong>own </strong>through Jesus Christ, as it pleased his will&nbsp;</div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">TCNT:&nbsp;He <strong>foreordained us</strong> for adoption as his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of his will,&nbsp;</span></div><div>TLB:&nbsp;&nbsp;His <strong>unchanging plan</strong> has always been <strong>to adopt us</strong> into his own family by sending Jesus Christ to die for us. And he did this because he wanted to!&nbsp;</div><div>TNT:&nbsp; &nbsp;he <strong>set us apart </strong>for himself that we should beome his <strong>adopted sons</strong> through&nbsp;Jesus Christ. Such was his own pleasure and purpose.</div><ul><li>In the&nbsp;<em>Translational Notes</em>&nbsp;section of this version, the comment on Eph 1.4 states:&nbsp;<em>Because he loved us.&nbsp;Opinion is divided as to whether this phrase (literally, 'in love'), refers back to verse 4 or on to verse 5. UBS GNT refers it back. TT with other modern translations takes it with what follows.</em><br></li><li><em></em>This echoes the comment from the NWTSY Study note<br></li></ul><div>TPT<sup>3</sup>: For it was always in his perfect plan to adopt us as hi delightful children, through our union with Jesus the Anointed one</div><div>TT:&nbsp; he <strong>decided long ago </strong>that he would <strong>adopt us</strong> to be as though we were his <strong>own children</strong> because of what Jesus Christ has done. Hr decided to do that because it pleased him.</div><ul><li>'Decided long ago' is rather pedestrian&nbsp;</li></ul><div>Williams:&nbsp; &nbsp;He <strong>foreordained</strong> us to become <strong>His sons by adoption</strong> through Christ Jesus, to carry out the happy choice of His will,<br></div><div>​<br></div><div>Some commentaries on this verse {formatting added}:<br></div><div><br></div><div><strong></strong>&nbsp;​<strong></strong><strong>Adam Clarke's Commentary</strong> states this: \"<em><strong>Having predestinated us </strong>- Προορισας. As the doctrine of eternal predestination has produced much controversy in the Christian world, it may be necessary to examine the meaning of the term, that those who do use it may employ it according to the sense it has in the oracles of God. The verb προοριζω, from προ, before, and ὁριζω, I define, finish, bound, or terminate, whence ὁρος, a boundary or limit, signifies to define beforehand, and circumscribe by certain bounds or limits; and is originally a geographical term, but applied also to any thing concluded, or determined, or demonstrated. Here the word is used to point out God’s fixed purpose or predetermination to bestow on the Gentiles the blessing of the adoption of sons by Jesus Christ, which adoption had been before granted to the Jewish people; and without circumcision, or any other Mosaic rite, to admit the Gentiles to all the privileges of his Church and people. And the apostle marks that all this was fore-determined by God, as he had fore-determined the bounds and precincts of the land which he gave them according to the promise made to their fathers; that the Jews had no reason to complain, for God had formed this purpose before he had given the law, or called them out of Egypt; (for it was before the foundation of the world, Eph_1:4); and that, therefore, the conduct of God in calling the Gentiles now - bringing them into his Church, and conferring on them the gifts and graces of the Holy Spirit, was in pursuance of his original design; and, if he did not do so, his eternal purposes could not be fulfilled; and that, as the Jews were taken to be his peculiar people, not because they had any goodness or merit in themselves; so the Gentiles were called, not for any merit they had, but according to the good pleasure of his will; that is, according to his eternal benevolence, showing mercy and conferring privileges in this new creation, as he had done in the original creation; for as, in creating man, he drew every consideration from his own innate eternal benevolence, so now, in redeeming man, and sending the glad tidings of salvation both to the Jews and the Gentiles, be acted on the same principles, deriving all the reasons of his conduct from his own infinite goodness.</em></div><div><strong></strong><br></div><div><strong>Albert Barnes Commentary</strong> on Eph 1.5 reads:&nbsp;<em style=\"background-color: initial; letter-spacing: 0px;\">The word used πρωρίζω prōrizō means properly “to set bounds before;” and then to “pre-determine.” There is the essential idea of setting bounds or limits, and of doing this beforehand. It is not that God determined to do it when it was actually done, but that he intended to do it beforehand. No language could express this more clearly, and I suppose this interpretation is generally admitted. Even by those who deny the doctrine of particular election, it is not denied that the word here used means to “pre-determine;” and they maintain that the sense is, that God had pre-determined to admit the Gentiles to the privileges of his people. Admitting then that the meaning is to predestinate in the proper sense, the only question is, “who” are predestinated? To whom does the expression apply? Is it to nations or to individuals?</em></div></span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><div><em></em></div><div><br></div><div><strong></strong><strong>The Cambridge Bible for Colleges and Schools</strong>&nbsp;commentary has this on Eph 1.5:&nbsp;<br></div><div><em><strong>Having predestinated us</strong>] Again an aorist, not a perfect, in the Greek; referring to a definite past act. For the same word, in the Greek, cp. Eph_1:11; Act_4:28 (E. V. “determined”); Rom_8:29-30; 1Co_2:7 (E. V. “ordained”). It is lit. “to define, mark out, set apart, beforehand.” All idea of blind destiny must be excluded; the “pre-ordination” is the act of the Living and Holy God. But while we can thus repose upon its justice, it is none the less sovereign. And it is a cause, not an effect, of good desires and holiness in the saints.<br><strong>the adoption of children</strong>] For the (one) word rendered thus, cp. Rom_8:15; Rom_8:23; Rom_9:4; Gal_4:5. The sacred truth of the filial relation of the saints to their Lord’s Father (see above on Eph_1:2) comes out further Eph_3:15, Eph_4:6, Eph_5:1. This sonship has two aspects in the N. T.; the generative aspect, a change in the state of will, character, nature, a new birth; and, as here, the adoptive aspect, a divinely legal institution into filial position and privilege. In the eternal Idea this latter may be said to be first in order; and thus it stands here, in this account of the heavenly origin of our salvation.\"</em></div><div><strong></strong><br></div><div><strong>The Complete Word&nbsp;Study Dictionary</strong>&nbsp;states: <em>\"Eph_1:5, Eph_1:11 this same <strong>purpose of foreordination </strong>is termed adoption. Adoption (huiothesía [G5206]) is the placing into sonship or legal heirship of those who are born of God. According to Eph_1:5 the basis of this prior decree is \"the good pleasure of His will.\" The word rendered \"good pleasure\" is eudokía (G2107) and means pleasure or satisfaction, that which seems good. Paul is careful to add that it is the good pleasure of God's will, it is what seems good to God-not man. Similarly, in Eph_1:11 foreordination is based upon \"the purpose (próthesis [G4286]) of the One who is working all things ([neut. acc. pl.] tá pánta [G3844], an idiom for the entire metaphysical and physical universe) according to the decision of His will\" (a.t.). This same thinking is reflected in Rom_8:30 where foreordination is joined successively to foreknowledge. Here it is presented not as a capricious, arbitrary or whimsical exercise of raw will or unreasoned impulse, but as the expression of a deliberate and wise plan which purposes to redeem those undeserving sinners whom God freely favors as the objects of His mercy.\"</em><br></div><div><br></div><div><strong>The Expositor's Greek NT </strong>has this comment:&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></span><div><em><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Eph_1:5. προορίσας ἡμᾶς: having foreordained us. <strong>Better, in that He foreordained us</strong>. Wycl. gives “hath bifore ordeyned us”; Tynd. and Cranmer, “ordeyned us”; and so the RV, “foreordained”. But the Genevan, the Rhemish and the AV, following the praedestinavit of the Vulg., give “did predestinate us,” “hath predestinated us,” “having predestinated us”. While in Romans and Ephesians the AV adopts “predestinated,” in 1Co_2:7 it has “foreordained”. <strong>It is best to adopt foreordain all through, as</strong></span><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><strong> προορίζειν</strong></span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><strong> means to determine before.</strong> The verb seems not to occur either in the LXX or in any Greek writer before Paul. It is found in Heliodorus, Ignatius, etc. <strong>In the NT it is always used of God as determining from eternity</strong>, sometimes with the further definition πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων (1Co_2:7)—decreeing to do something (Act_4:28); foreordaining things or persons (1Co_2:7; Rom_8:29 ff.); or, as here, <strong>appointing one beforehand to something</strong>. The πρὸ in the compound verb expresses the fact that the decree is prior to the realisation of its object. The aor. part, may be taken as temporal (so the Syr.-Phil.), in which case the foreordination would be something prior (not in time, indeed, but in logical order) to the election, and the election would be defined as proceeding on the foreordination (Ell., Alf., etc.). But it may also be taken as modal, not prior to the election but coincident with it, and expressing the mode of its action or the form which it took—“in that He foreordained us” (Mey., etc.). On this use of the aor. part, see Winer-Moul., Gram., p. 430. This is the more probable view, because no real distinction appears to be made between the ἐκλογή and the προορισμός beyond what may be suggested by the ἐκ in the one and the πρό in the other; the idea in the ἐκλογή being understood to be that of the mass from which the selection is made, and that of the προορισμός the priority of the decree (Ell.). It is also to be noticed (cf. Mey.) that both in Romans (Rom_8:29) and in 1 Peter (1Pe_1:2) it is the πρόγνωσις, not the προορισμός, that is represented as antecedent to the election or as forming its ground. This Divine προορισμός, like the Divine ἐκλογή, has in the Pauline writings, in which it receives its loftiest, most complete, and most unqualified statement, not a speculative but an intensely practical interest, especially with regard to two things of most immediate personal concern—the believer’s incentive to live in newness and holiness of life (cf. Eph_2:10), and his encouragement to rest in the Divine salvation as for him an assured salvation.—εἰς υἱοθεσίαν: unto adoption. Or, as the RV gives it, following the adoptio filiorum of the Vulg., “unto adoption as sons”. It is a Pauline term, and conveys an idea distinct from that of sonship and explanatory of it. The sonship of believers, the fact that they are children of God, with the privileges and responsibilities belonging to such, finds frequent expression in the NT writings. But it is only in the Pauline Epistles that the specific idea of υἱοθεσία occurs, and there in five instances (Rom_8:15; Rom_8:23; Rom_9:4; Gal_4:5; Eph_1:5). In one case it is applied to the special relation of Israel to God (Rom_9:4); thrice (Rom_8:15; Gal_4:5; Eph_1:5) it is used of the present position of believers in Christ; once (Rom_8:23) it refers to their future consummation, the resurrection of life that will be the full manifestation of their sonship. It is a term of relation, expressing our sonship in respect of standing. It appears to be taken from the Roman custom, with which Paul could not fail to be acquainted</span></em></div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><div></div><div><br></div><div>The <strong>NET commentary</strong> states:&nbsp; \"<em>sn <strong>By predestining</strong>. The aorist participle may be translated either causally (\"because he predestined,\" \"having predestined\") or instrumentally (\"by predestining\"). A causal nuance would suggest that God's predestination of certain individuals prompted his choice of them. An instrumental nuance would suggest that the means by which God's choice was accomplished was by predestination. The instrumental view is somewhat more likely in light of normal Greek syntax (i.e., an aorist participle following an aorist main verb is more likely to be instrumental than causal).\"</em></div><ul><li>Instrumental nuance is a musical term that we find needlessly obscure. It suggests that there is a slight, non-bold purpose behind God's choosing these individuals.<br></li><li>An instrumental nuance on the face of it is not compatible with the express purpose of Yahweh's selecting such individuals; it is&nbsp; not a nuance btu a strong purposeful action. Not meaningful<br></li></ul><div>​Also:<br></div><div><em>15 tn The Greek term υἱοθεσία (huiothesia) was originally a legal technical term for adoption as a son with full rights of inheritance. BDAG 1024 s.v. notes, \"a legal t.t. of 'adoption' of children, in our lit., i.e. in Paul, only in a transferred sense of a transcendent filial relationship between God and humans (with the legal aspect, not gender specificity, as major semantic component).\" Although some modern translations remove the filial sense completely and render the term merely \"adoption\" (cf. NAB, ESV), the retention of this component of meaning was accomplished in the present translation by the phrase \"as...sons.\"<br></em>sn <em>Adoption as his sons</em> is different from spiritual birth as children. All true believers have been born as children of God and will be adopted as sons of God. The adoption is both a future reality, and in some sense, already true. To be adopted as a son means to have the full rights of an heir. Thus, although in the ancient world, only boys could be adopted as sons, in God's family all children — both male and female — are adopted.<br></div><div><em></em><br></div><div><em></em><br></div><div><strong>Robertson's Word Pictures</strong> states:&nbsp;<em>\"Having <strong>foreordained</strong> us (Proorisas hēmās). First aorist active participle of proorizō, late and rare compound to define or decide beforehand. Already in Act_4:28; 1Co_2:7; Rom_8:29. See also Eph_1:11. Only other N.T. example in Eph_1:11. To be taken with exelexato either simultaneous or antecedent (causal).\"</em><br></div><div><em></em><br></div><div><strong>Wiersbe's Commentary</strong> has this:&nbsp;&nbsp;<em></em></div></span><div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em><strong>He has adopted us (Eph_1:5).&nbsp;</strong>Here we meet that misunderstood word predestination. This word, as it is used in the Bible, refers primarily to what God does for saved people. Nowhere in the Bible are we taught that people are predestined to hell, because this word refers only to God’s people. The word simply <strong>means “to ordain beforehand, to predetermine</strong>.” Election seems to refer to people, while predestination refers to purposes. The events connected with the crucifixion of Christ were predestined (Act_4:25-28). God has predestined our adoption (Eph_1:5), and our conformity to Christ (Rom_8:29-30), as well as our future inheritance (Eph_1:11).<br>Adoption has a dual meaning, both present and future. You do not get into God’s family by adoption. You get into His family by regeneration, the new birth (Jhn_3:1-18; 1Pe_1:22-25). Adoption is the act of God by which He gives His “born ones” an adult standing in the family. Why does He do this? So that we might immediately begin to claim our inheritance and enjoy our spiritual wealth! A baby cannot legally use this inheritance (Gal_4:1-7), but an adult son can — and should! This means that you do not have to wait until you are an old saint before you can claim your riches in Christ.</em></span></div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><div><em></em></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><em><strong>Wuest's Word Studies</strong> states : \"We now come to grips with the word translated \"having predestinated.\" The word is proorizō, made up of pro, a preposition, and the simple verb horizō. The noun horos means \"a boundary, a limit.\" The verb itself means \"to mark out the boundary or limits\" of any place or thing. When used of persons, it means \"to put limitations upon that person,\" thus, \"to determine his destiny.\" The preposition pro, prefixed to the verb means \"before.\" The compound verb means \"to mark out the boundary or limits of a place, thing or person previously,\" thus \"to predestine.\" Cremer defines it, \"to determine or decree beforehand.\" He says, \"The matter to be considered when the word is used is not who are the objects of this predestination, but what are they predestined to. This second object of the verb, as it has been called, forms an essential part of the conception expressed by it; what is called the first object, i.e., the persons, is an accidental one, a contingency belonging to history, whereas proorizō itself precedes history.\"</em><br></div><div><br></div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><strong>Barclay's Daily Study Bible says:&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;</em></strong><em>I<span data-cke-bookmark=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">&nbsp;</span>n this passage Paul speaks to us of the plan of God. One of the pictures that he more than once uses of what God does for men is that of adoption (compare Rom_8:23; Gal_4:5). God adopted us as sons into his family.<br><br>In the ancient world, where Roman law prevailed, this would be an even more meaningful picture than it is to us. For there the family was based on what was called the patria potestas, the father's power. A father had absolute power over his children so long as he and they lived. He could sell his child as a slave or even kill him. Dion Cassius tells us that \"the law of the Romans gives a father absolute authority over his son, and that for the son's whole life. It gives him authority, if he so chooses, to imprison him, to scourge him, to make him work on his estate as a slave in fetters, even to kill him. That right still continues to exist even if the son is old enough to play an active part in political affairs, even if he has been judged worthy to occupy the magistrate's office, and even if he is held in honour by all men.\" It is quite true that, when a father was judging his son, he was supposed to call the adult male members of the family into consultation, but it was not necessary that he should do so.<br><br>Under Roman law a child could not possess anything; and any inheritance willed to him, or any gift given to him, became the property of his father. It did not matter how old the son was, or to what honours and responsibility he had risen, he was absolutely in his father's power.<br><br>In circumstances like that it is obvious that adoption was a very serious step. It was, however, not uncommon, for children were often adopted to ensure that some family should not become extinct. The ritual of adoption must have been very impressive. It was carried out by a symbolic sale in which copper and scales were used. Twice the real father sold his son, and twice he symbolically bought him back; finally he sold him a third time, and at the third sale he did not buy him back. After this the adopting father had to go to the praetor, one of the principal Roman magistrates, and plead the case for the adoption. Only after all this had been gone through was the adoption complete.<br><br>When the adoption was complete it was complete indeed. <strong>The person who had been adopted had all the rights of a legitimate son in his new family </strong>and completely lost all rights in his old family. In the eyes of the law he was a new person. So new was he that even all debts and obligations connected with his previous family were abolished as if they had never existed.<br><br>That is what Paul says that God has done for us. <strong>We were absolutely in the power of sin and of the world; God, through Jesus, took us out of that power into his; and that adoption wipes out the past and makes us new.&nbsp;</strong></em><span data-cke-bookmark=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;{<em>formatting added</em>}</span></div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">This Commentary is spot on when it delineates the rights of the one adopted: He was legally entitled to all the rights of a natural son in the family.&nbsp; And it points out that whereas sin had the adoptee in its grip, the adoption by God meant that the son is now new.&nbsp;</span><br></div><div><br></div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">A quick&nbsp;review of the 'major' or mainline English translations shows that<span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"> '<strong>predestined</strong>' is the preferred choice of most, with '<strong>foreordained</strong>' a close second.</span> Our problem with predestined is that, like Grace and Church, predestined has a lot of baggage, 'churchy' baggage at that.&nbsp; A dictionary definition of predestined states: <em>\"determined in advance by divine will or fate.\"&nbsp;&nbsp;</em>To our ears, this smacks of the removal of free will because it invokes 'fate.' &nbsp;For instance, 'You are predestined / fated to be a crook' and can do nothing to stop that outcome.&nbsp; Other choices are: '<em>Foreordained, predefined, marked us out . . . beforehand, destining us in love, decided long ago, decided in advance, beforehand determined, planned long ago, before . . . decided to make us his own, designed before, designated&nbsp;us in advance.</em>'&nbsp; Decided long ago might be better if&nbsp;it were 'decided long in advance' or some such but none of the cited versions, which are,&nbsp;again,&nbsp;the major English translations available, is pleasing to our ears. Determined in advance [CJB] is about the best.&nbsp; An alternative could be 'chosen in advance.'</span></div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\">​</span><br></div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span><br></div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"></span>1 <em>The UBS The Greek New Testament, Fifth Revised Edition, published by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaftc 3rd Corrected Printing, 2016</em>&nbsp;also has '<span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\">προορίσας</span></span>' here at Ephesians 1.5 as does&nbsp;THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT: WESTCOTT-HORT, also THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT:BYZANTINE TEXTFORM: The Greek Text Edited by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, and the 1904 \"Patriarchal\" edition of the Greek Orthodox Church. As compared in e-Sword, V14, 11-1-24.&nbsp; The&nbsp;<em>Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures {1969, 1985 Westcott &amp; Hort]</em><br>also has&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span class=\"theme-text-color-4-2\"><em>προορίσας</em></span></span><em></em></div><div><br></div><div>2<span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"> From the GNT-TR edition, out of e-Sword, stated to be <em>\"1894 Scrivener Textus Receptus - an attempt to reconstruct the Greek Vorlage for the KJV NT, insofar as this can be found in Greek MSS, without retranslating Vulgate readings back into unattested Greek.\"</em></span><br></div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><em>​</em></span><br></div><div><span style=\"font-family:oxygen;\"><em></em></span><sup>3&nbsp;</sup> This version lumps verse 5 and verse 6 of Eph 1 into a single verse; the purpose of this device is not stated in the translator's introductory remarks {at least, not that we could find}. As with other 'features' of this version combining two verses, or several, into one lump is not satisfactory. 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