When people ask what type of wood is cedar, they are usually referring to a group of coniferous trees known for their aromatic scent, durability, and distinctive grain. The name applies to multiple species across different genera, leading to some confusion in the marketplace. True cedar belongs to the genus Cedrus, native to the Mediterranean and the Himalayas, while other varieties sold as cedar include Western Red Cedar and Eastern Red Cedar, which belong to the Thuja and Juniperus genera respectively.
The True Cedars: Genus Cedrus
The genus Cedrus contains some of the most iconic cedar species in the world. These trees are native to specific regions and are highly valued in both construction and aesthetics. When discussing the essential characteristics of cedar wood, these species serve as the primary reference point.
Cedrus libani (Lebanese Cedar)
Historically significant, the Lebanese Cedar features a straight trunk with horizontal branches, creating a distinctive silhouette. The wood is dense, strong, and highly rot-resistant, making it a preferred choice for outdoor applications and architectural millwork. Its warm, reddish-brown hue deepens over time, developing a rich patina that is highly sought after.
Cedrus atlantica (Atlas Cedar)
Atlas Cedar is known for its fine texture and remarkable stability. Unlike some softwoods, it machines beautifully and holds paint exceptionally well. It is often utilized for interior paneling, furniture, and storage chests where the preservation of items is a priority, thanks to its natural resistance to moths and moisture.
Western Red Cedar: The Pacific Northwest Giant
Despite not being a true cedar, Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata) dominates the North American market for labeled cedar products. This evergreen giant grows primarily in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest and is celebrated for its exceptional natural properties.
It is one of the lightest softwoods available, yet it offers incredible strength-to-weight ratio. The wood contains natural oils and tannins that make it highly resistant to decay, rot, and insect damage without the need for heavy chemical treatments. Because of this, it is the go-to material for outdoor structures such as decks, siding, and shingles.
The aesthetic appeal of Western Red Cedar is undeniable. The wood features a striking contrast between pale sapwood and rich, reddish-brown heartwood. When exposed to the elements, it weathers to a distinguished silvery-grey, providing a rustic charm that complements modern and traditional architecture alike.
Eastern Red Cedar: The Juniper Variant
Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) is a species of juniper rather than a true cedar or even a true red cedar. It is widespread across the eastern United States and is a common sight in rural and suburban landscapes.
This species is frequently used for interior applications due to its fine grain and ease of workability. It is a popular choice for crafting closets, chests, and drawers, as the aromatic scent acts as a natural deterrent for moths and pests. The wood color ranges from pale yellow to light reddish-brown, and it polishes to a smooth, satiny finish.
Properties and Industrial Applications
The question of what type of wood is cedar is often answered by examining the functional properties of the material. Regardless of the specific species, cedar wood is generally characterized by its lightweight nature, low shrinkage, and dimensional stability. These traits make it remarkably easy to cut, shape, and join.
| Property | Description |
| Density | Generally low to medium, making it easy to handle. |
| Rot Resistance | High natural resistance due to aromatic oils. |
| Workability | Cuts cleanly and sands smoothly without tearing. |
| Common Uses | Outdoor furniture, siding, fencing, closet lining, and carving. |
In construction, cedar is often selected for its ability to withstand moisture. It is a common sight as shingles on historic church steeples and as the cladding on modern high-end homes. Its thermal insulation properties are also superior to many other softwoods, contributing to energy efficiency.
Scent and Aesthetic Appeal
One of the most defining features of cedar is its scent. The volatile organic compounds released by the wood create a fresh, woody, and slightly sweet aroma. This scent is not merely pleasant; it serves a functional purpose in repelling moths, carpet beetles, and other fabric pests.
Visually, cedar offers versatility. The straight grain and occasional presence of “fracture curls” create a textured surface known as "mountain or tiger grain." This figure is highly desirable in veneer production and fine woodworking. The color palette, ranging from creamy whites to deep purplish-browns, allows cedar to adapt to various design schemes, from Scandinavian minimalism to rustic cabin living.
Sustainability and Considerations
When evaluating what type of wood is cedar, responsible sourcing is an important factor. True Cedrus species are often listed on CITES appendices due to historical over-harvesting. However, widespread species like Western Red Cedar are generally considered a renewable resource due to extensive forestry management in North America.
Consumers should be aware that some red cedar products on the market are actually made from plantation-grown species or even recycled wood. While these alternatives are environmentally friendly, they may lack the hardness and oil content of old-growth timber. Understanding the specific species and origin ensures that you get the performance and aesthetics you expect from this classic wood.
