The Project Gutenberg eBook of ABC's of Science This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: ABC's of Science Author: Charles A. Oliver Release date: May 1, 1998 [eBook #1331] Most recently updated: April 2, 2015 Language: English Credits: Scanned and proofed by Ron Burkey *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABC'S OF SCIENCE *** ABC's of Science ["Oliver, Charles A."] 1998-05-01 2015-04-02 Unknown en "ABC's of Science" by Charles A. Oliver is a scientific publication likely composed in the late 19th century. This book serves as a primer on various scientific concepts, touching upon topics such as nature, astronomy, the solar system, and the processes that underpin life on Earth. It seeks to present these ideas in a digestible manner for readers, highlighting the interconnections between the mineral, vegetal, and animal realms of life. The content of the book unfolds through a series of chapters that explain foundational scientific principles. In "The Supreme Power of Nature," Oliver categorizes the essence of nature into minerals, vegetables, and animals, illustrating how they interact. Subsequent chapters delve into astronomy and the structure of the solar system, detailing the characteristics of planets and their movements. The text also explores the flourishing of life on Earth, describing the processes of protoplasm and reproduction. Additionally, Oliver discusses animal magnetism and its implications for intelligence and behavior, concluding with miscellaneous observations on natural phenomena like lightning and the Aurora Borealis. Overall, the book aims to cultivate a fundamental understanding of science and its wonders, appealing to a broad audience seeking scientific literacy. (This is an automatically generated summary.) Scanned and proofed by Ron Burkey (rburkey@heads-up.com). Items in [brackets] are editorial comments added in proofing. Descriptions of figures have also been added in [brackets], although the figures themselves have not been included. A B C's of Science By CHAS. OLIVER INDEX I. The Supreme Power of Nature II. Astronomy III. The Solar System IV. Across the Divide V. Flourishment of the Earth VI. Animal Magnetism VII. Miscellaneous The author of this little book spent several years in composing his work, to the best of his ability, making the treatise brief and to the point, so that the reader may not become weary and misunderstand the true meaning. His desire is to have the flourishing human know the truth of Science and to learn what he can of its greatest wonders. CHAS. OLIVER. ABC's OF SCIENCE CHAPTER I THE SUPREME POWER OF NATURECHAPTER I THE SUPREME POWER OF NATURE 1. Supreme power of Nature is comprised of all. 2. It may be divided into three parts: Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal. 3. Mineral is comprised of Mineral Matter and Mineral Magnetism. 4. Animal is comprised of Animal Matter and Animal Magnetism. 5. Vegetable is comprised of Vegetable Matter and Vegetable Magnetism. 6. Each of the foregoing have life, and by cooperating with each other produce life that flourishes. 7. There being as many different kinds of Magnetism as there are matter which is beyond the strength of human to classify. 8. The supreme power of Nature had no beginning so it has no end; its life is indestructible. [Figures: Five line-drawings, captioned as follows. "Comet of 1881, the year Mother Shipton prophecied the Earth to come to an end." "Comet of 1744." "Comet of 1857." "Biela's comet discovered in 1827. returned at intervals of 6 1/2 years. In 1846 it returned split, returned in 1852, but never appeared since." "Saturn."] CHAPTER II ASTRONOMYCHAPTER II ASTRONOMY (The word "vapor" used in general for water, ice, atmosphere, etc.) 1. Space without beginning or end, filled with unmaterial and material life. The material is in motion by the currents of unmaterial life. 2. The material is in perfect bodies, imperfect bodies, and unconcentrated material. 3. Perfect bodies group into constellation, called sun's planets, planetoids, and moons. 4. Imperfect bodies are comets, called periodic and parabolic comets. 5. Unconcentrated material called Milky Ways, and rings such as are around Saturn. 6. The unmaterial life currents run in every conceivable manner. I will call the currents carrying constellation sun currents, planet currents, planetoid currents, moon currents, and comet currents, respectively. Milky ways eddys. 7. Saturn is the only body we know which has an unconcentrated obsequious attendant. Such rings may appear around constellations, planets, moons, etc. These rings can be accounted for in two ways,--first, the material never being concentrated; second, by two or more bodies coming together and throwing the bodies into atoms. 8. Suck, or Nebula, currents form in the Milky ways (the same as two or more currents of air coming together and making a whirlwind), which concentrates the material into bodies, thus forming constellations and comets; also rings such as are around Saturn. If a constellation is formed its current is called sun current, and here it continues to whirl with all its subordinate currents, planet, planetoid, and moon. 9. Comets are caused by sun currents' pressure forcing the suck currents at a great speed, and forces the comet current to pass through sun currents. Some comets pass in and out of their sun currents at regular intervals and are called periodic, i.e., its orbit is an ellipse. Comets that are parabolic will never return to their starting point and travel wild. 10. Bodies may be destroyed by suck currents carrying bodies in collision with each other; if the bodies are equal size, will throw the material into atoms. If a small and large body come in collision the small body will bury itself in the greater. Bodies thrown into atoms, the atoms may continue to be carried by its respective current (as rings around Saturn), or the atoms may be forced beyond its current and pass as shooting stars to other bodies or milky ways. 11. Nebula is the suck current in the process of condensing material into bodies. Can be seen in Milky Way with naked eve. [Figures: two line drawings, captioned as follows. "The solar system." "The sun."] CHAPTER III THE SOLAR SYSTEMCHAPTER III THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1. The Solar System is better known to us, as the earth on which we flourish belongs to it. 2. The System is comprised of one sun (star), eight major planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and one satellite, Mars and two satellites, Jupiter and seven satellites, Saturn, its rings and ten satellites, Uranus and four satellites, Neptune and one satellite, and some 600 planetoids, varying in size from 600 miles in diameter to mere rocks. 3. The sun's diameter is 866,000 miles. Rotates every 606 hours. The length of time its current carries the sun over its orbit is unknown. The sun remains a melted mass; its vibration is maintained; has but little vapor and its theme reflected on the surface of its obsequious attendants which gives them heat and light. Dark spots caused by vapor becoming concentrated to the sun's surface; these spots change. 4. Mercury, the smallest major planet, also the closest to the sun. It is carried over its orbit about 36,000,000 miles from the sun, which requires 88 days to complete its course, and rotates once every 24 hours and 5 minutes. Its diameter is 3,000 miles and it has a suitable amount of vapor for animals and vegetables to flourish. 5. Venus has the brightest lustre of our planets which is caused from enormous amount of vapor. It is carried over its orbit at about 67,000,000 miles from the sun, which requires 224 7/10 days to complete its course. Rotates once every 23 hours and 21 minutes. Diameter, 7,700 miles. 6. The earth is carried over its orbit; main distance being 93,000,000 miles from the sun, which requires one year to complete its course, which is 680,000,000 miles: MILES Earth's diameter 8,000 Greater or equatorial 7,925 Less or polar 7,899 Difference on comparison 26 The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds; has one satellite, which is carried over its orbit at a distance of 238,850 miles from the earth. Its diameter is 2,160 miles. The moon completes its orbit in 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 2 seconds. Its currents touch the earth and cause the tide; also affects some plants of the phenomena verita; these plants are also affected by the sun. Many years after the earth's material began to flourish, a small body (whose crust was cooled) came in contact with the earth; this caused the earth's crust to crack almost from pole to pole and formed North and South America. The eruptions in Europe, Asia, and Africa were greatly scattered. Australian soil is deficient in phosphorus, which shows it is foreign and represents the small body which did not entirely bury itself. This caused some of the earth's land surface to be below the sea level; also caused the earth's axis to change at a very slow rate of about 77 yards per year. This will require many thousands of years for the North Pole to become the South Pole. For many years the Polar star appeared "fixed" at the earth's north axis. 7. Mars is carried around the sun by its planet current at a distance of 140,000,000 miles, which requires 687 days, and rotates every 24 hours, 37 minutes, and 22 1/2 seconds. Diameter, 4,200 miles. Mars has two satellites and is not abundant in vapor which causes its reddish appearance, therefore vegetation and animals are scanty. 8. Jupiter is the largest major planet. It makes a great jump from the sun of 483,000,000 miles, carried by its planet current to complete its orbit in 12 years. Rotates every 9 hours, 55 minutes, and 37 seconds. Diameter, 88,000 miles; has seven satellites. The climate has a very even temperature due to its fast rotation. 9. Saturn, the beauty of the skies, carried by its planet current around the sun at its main distance of 883,000,000 miles (a greater distance of 400,000,000 miles than Jupiter) which requires about 29 1/2 years. Rotates once every 10 hours, 14 minutes, and 23 seconds. Diameter, 75,000 miles. It has ten satellites and three rings of unconcentrated material. The cape ring is about 9,000 miles across, the other two about 16,000 each. Diameter of rings about 170,000 miles, which makes the rings very close to the surface. 10. Uranus is carried by its planet current around the sun at a great distance of 1,778,000,000 miles, which requires about 84 years. Rate of rotation unknown. Diameter, 31,000 miles. It has four satellites. 11. Neptune is the farthest from the sun. Its main distance being 2,792,000,000 miles; carried by its planet current over its orbit once in 164 years, 9 months. Diameter, 37,000 miles. Period of rotation unknown. Has one satellite. At Neptune we haven't taken a step but our next neighbor is across the divide. Let us have a fairy dream and travel from the sun to Neptune in a straight or direct course at the rate of 1,000,000 miles an hour; it would take us 116 1/3 days to reach Neptune. [Figure: Line drawing, captioned "The solar system."] CHAPTER IV ACROSS THE DIVIDECHAPTER IV ACROSS THE DIVIDE 1. Crossing the divide (Abyss) we encounter other systems of about 25,000,000,000, or the first magnitude. Our most powerful glass reaches the 16th. Magnitude is very uneven and irregular, and beyond this there is no end. 2. Many constellations have more than one sun, while others are double, quadruple, and multiple. It is estimated a brilliant star, and can be seen; of these over a million have been catalogued and only about 25 whose distance have been measured. CHAPTER V FLOURISHMENT OF THE EARTHCHAPTER V FLOURISHMENT OF THE EARTH 1. The earth reached its state of concentration, and the vapor in great clouds enveloped the heavier substance. The earth being heaved up by volcanoes (caused by the vapor coming in contact with the heated material); as the vapor reached its state, rain fell on the earth crust, and thus rivers, lakes, and oceans were formed. 2. Here animal and vegetable matter began to flourish. 3. Great deposits of protoplasm became concentrated over the earth's surface; from the deposits sprang all kinds of vegetables and animals that flourish, and many more families than inhabit the earth to-day became extinct. 4. Vegetable matter began to flourish as its semen became concentrated, likewise animal matter. (This takes place to-day in different ways, principally in Marine varites. See Chap. I, par. 6.) 5. Reproductions in all families that flourish; some families mix and their offspring will not reproduce. (Life cannot be destroyed, but flourishment can.) 6. Man came from deposits of protoplasm (semen) as is produced for reproduction of man to-day. The deposits were of different kinds; each deposit brought forth its own branch of humanity, these branches being of different type and tongue. Later the tongue of one branch became learned by the other. From the different original tongues will give us a good estimate of deposits in number. 7. Babies were nourished in the protoplasm deposits the same as they are in their mother's womb. This nourishment came from the abundance of albumen which accompanied the semen in concentrating. As the babies matured they broke the crust of the deposit of protoplasm and put forth their heads and breathed the air; their bodies still remained in the albumen until they gained strength to feed themselves on the albumen. Here the babies broke the cord (navel cord) that brought nourishment into their bodies, as in the womb of a mother, and crawled around over the crust of the deposit where they came, feeding on its crust by putting it into their mouths. The babe has not forgotten it yet, as everything he gets that he can handle goes to his mouth. He learned to walk and talk to his brothers and sisters, and composed a language of their own. Here manhood and womanhood is reached. 8. All animals came in like manner, but without a fluent language. 9. Vegetable matter flourished and the earth is inhabited. All bodies that have atmosphere are inhabited. Atmosphere is vaporized protoplasm. 10. Ten of the principal materials that produce flourishment are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, sulphur, calcium, iron and magnesium; protoplasm contains everything; chemists have not been able to determine and classify protoplasm. (See Chap. I, par. 7.) 11. Humanity varied much in size. The giant tribe (such as the petrified Cardiff Giant) has long been extinct. Men of this type weighed 500 pounds and more, measured nearly 12 feet in height, while our midgets measure under 2 feet. 12. Hermaphrodites exist in all material that flourishes. Malformation. CHAPTER VI ANIMAL MAGNETISMCHAPTER VI ANIMAL MAGNETISM 1. Every animal has its own magnetism which is its source of strength and intelligence. The glands, nerves, and ducts are batteries, ducts and glands storage batteries, the nerves motive and sensation (or intelligence). The brain is the principal battery of sensation (or intelligence), while the heart is the principal motive battery. 2. The child begins to train himself to make use of his limbs, first by swinging his arms and legs, second by creeping, third by walking. Note a child feeding itself, how unsteady he is in getting his food to his mouth; sometimes his spoon misses his mouth and the food is spilled, for which he usually receives a slap, although he has displayed all his energy in getting his food in his mouth. Next we find him a trained athlete and skilled laborer, capable of applying himself to most anything he cares to do. 3. But little attention is paid to the training of animal magnetism. Any one with nerves in his teeth can concentrate magnetism in the teeth, so it can be easily felt, also the lips; by training the magnetism it can be concentrated in any part of the body. This takes constant practice and could be used when one has any disability by concentrating the magnetism in the disabled part, causing the blood to circulate more freely at the point where the magnetism is concentrated, and thus improving the disabled part. The osteologist does this by massage, the real faith cure man by concentrating his magnetism on the patient, the practitioner uses medicine and drugs, each having their own magnetism, etc. Accordingly many diseases are contagious by people becoming inoculated by mild magnetism which comes from some kind of matter. (See Chap. I, par. 7.) 4. The hypnotist or mesmerist gains control of his opponents through animal magnetism and controls every movement. The nerves cease to act and the hypnotist is boss. The patient can be made to exert great strength and pass dangerous points without falling. A hypnotist or mesmerist is invariably in poor health and flesh. This is caused by the over-taxation of his own nerves and ducts. 6. Animal magnetism can he used like wireless telegraphy. Miss Helen Kellar is one of the best known for telepathy. She was born blind, also deaf and dumb. She is a great linguist and well educated. 7. The dumb animals in their wild state use telepathy much when encountering danger; their keen scent of the deer, horse, etc., enables them to determine the direction of the enemy. 8. Predestination is cultivated and in most instances comes true. I observed this in the case of William McKinley, martyred President of the United States of America, who said he wanted to follow in the footsteps of James A. Garfield, also martyred President. Let us see how nearly he came following in his footsteps: Born in the same locality, President of the same country, each supported a platform of good currency, each assassinated in the same month, and in the seat of the Presidency. Both died a lingering death; the difference in the length of time of their flourishment was 8 months and 7 days. [Figures: Photographs of William McKinley and James A. Garfield.] 9. Next observe the old in their feebleness and we see these well trained hands tremble; the gland ducts and nerves are withering, the animal magnetism is weakening, which renders them childish . 10. The ducts, glands, and nerves throw off their magnetism in many different ways, in exertion, fright, fear, anguish, discontent, happiness, kindness, loveliness, desire, etc. Dr. T. B. Robertson discovered that Tethelin (located in the pituitary body at the base of the brain) produces the growth of the body. CHAPTER VII MISCELLANEOUSCHAPTER VII MISCELLANEOUS 1. Lightning is caused by the friction of vapor, which is at a suitable temperature. Thus two or more currents of air coming together will cause lightning, as the friction concentrates the electricity, and as there is no conductor the heavy voltage flies usually toward the nearest conductor. This voltage is so great that it explodes the air. The air coming together again produces a great vibration, called thunder. 2. Aurora Borealis. The outer circle around the earth represents atmosphere. The sun current carries it far from the earth's surface. At the north, when the sun's reflection strikes the earth's crust in such a manner, its reflection will be seen in the atmosphere at a great height, called Northern Lights. This is mostly seen in November, December, and January. [Figure: Uncaptioned line drawing (accompanying the paragraph above) of the Earth's orbit about the sun.] 3. The museum of Alexandria was established about 400 years B.C., for the purpose of restoring science that had been lost thousands of years before. The cultivation of knowledge by experiment, observation, and mathematical discussions: this was the birth of a science of to-day. The library contained many thousands of volumes of books, but was destroyed by Cyril; a girl in charge of the library by the name of Hypatia was brutally killed and the flesh was scraped from her bones with sea shells. This occurred in 414 A.D. Alexander died at Babylon 323 B.C. China, Mesopotamia, and India had made astronomical observations at this early date. Most of these learnings were destroyed. Brono, Isaac Newton, Brably, and some few others, promoted science by their discoveries of what is to-day. "Good Will to man." *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABC'S OF SCIENCE *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. 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