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spending","axis":"foreign","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.7,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Cut","high":"Increase"},"spread":0.085,"refusal_rate":0.014},{"slug":"military-intervention","text":"Should the country be willing to use military force abroad to defend its interests and allies?","short":"Using force abroad","axis":"foreign","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.65,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.295,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"foreign-aid","text":"Should the country increase foreign aid to poorer nations?","short":"More foreign aid","axis":"foreign","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.55,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.489,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"military-alliances","text":"Should the country deepen its commitments to international military alliances?","short":"Deeper military alliances","axis":"foreign","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.5,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.128,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"nuclear-arsenal","text":"Should the country maintain and modernize a nuclear weapons arsenal?","short":"Maintaining nuclear weapons","axis":"foreign","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.5,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.505,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"arming-invaded-states","text":"Should democracies send substantial military aid to countries resisting armed invasion?","short":"Arming invaded democracies","axis":"foreign","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.55,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.439,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"diplomacy-first","text":"When facing an international threat, should diplomacy and sanctions be preferred over military options?","short":"Diplomacy over force","axis":"foreign","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.5,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Use force","high":"Prefer diplomacy"},"spread":0.505,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"china-decoupling","text":"Should Western nations economically decouple from China to counter its strategic influence?","short":"Decoupling from China","axis":"foreign","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.5,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.627,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"content-moderation","text":"Should online platforms remove more harmful but legal content?","short":"Remove harmful-but-legal content","axis":"speech","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.8,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Keep it up","high":"Remove it"},"spread":0.411,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"hate-speech-laws","text":"Should governments criminalize hate speech even when it stops short of inciting violence?","short":"Criminalizing hate speech","axis":"speech","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.7,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.733,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"misinformation-removal","text":"Should platforms actively remove or label political misinformation?","short":"Removing misinformation","axis":"speech","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.65,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.761,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"free-speech-protection","text":"Should legal speech stay protected on major platforms even when many people find it offensive?","short":"Protecting offensive speech","axis":"speech","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.65,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.545,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"ai-regulation","text":"Should the development of advanced AI be subject to strict government regulation?","short":"Strict AI regulation","axis":"speech","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.6,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.617,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"big-tech-breakup","text":"Should the largest technology companies be broken up to reduce their market power?","short":"Breaking up big tech","axis":"speech","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.5,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.111,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"deplatforming","text":"Should public figures be removed from platforms over offensive but legal past statements?","short":"Deplatforming over past statements","axis":"speech","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.5,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.533,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"open-internet-utility","text":"Should the internet be regulated as a public utility to guarantee open, equal access?","short":"Internet as a public utility","axis":"speech","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.45,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.511,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"carbon-tax","text":"Should governments impose a carbon tax to cut emissions, even if it raises energy prices?","short":"A carbon tax","axis":"enviro","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.7,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.439,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"fossil-fuel-phaseout","text":"Should the country rapidly phase out fossil fuels even at significant short-term economic cost?","short":"Rapid fossil-fuel phase-out","axis":"enviro","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.65,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.906,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"nuclear-energy","text":"Should nuclear energy be expanded as part of addressing climate change?","short":"Expanding nuclear energy","axis":"enviro","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.4,"framing":"mixed","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Against","high":"For"},"spread":0.533,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"degrowth","text":"Should wealthy economies pursue 'degrowth' — deliberately reducing consumption — to protect the planet?","short":"Planned degrowth","axis":"enviro","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.4,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.861,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"climate-human-caused","text":"Is the current rise in global average temperatures primarily caused by human activity?","short":"Is warming human-caused?","axis":"enviro","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.0,"framing":"empirical","region":"global","poles":{"low":"No","high":"Yes"},"spread":0.005,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"trade-tariffs","text":"Should the government impose tariffs to protect domestic industries from foreign competition?","short":"Protective tariffs","axis":"nationalism","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.55,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.1,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"border-enforcement","text":"Should the country prioritize much stronger border enforcement to reduce illegal immigration?","short":"Stronger border enforcement","axis":"nationalism","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.6,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.572,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"reclaim-sovereignty","text":"Should the country reclaim powers from international institutions to protect its sovereignty?","short":"Reclaiming powers from global bodies","axis":"nationalism","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.55,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.383,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"multiculturalism","text":"Should the state actively encourage multiculturalism rather than assimilation to a single national culture?","short":"Multiculturalism over assimilation","axis":"nationalism","pole_sign":-1,"weight":0.5,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.967,"refusal_rate":0.0},{"slug":"patriotic-education","text":"Should schools place greater emphasis on national pride and patriotism?","short":"Patriotism in schools","axis":"nationalism","pole_sign":1,"weight":0.45,"framing":"normative","region":"global","poles":{"low":"Oppose","high":"Support"},"spread":0.367,"refusal_rate":0.0}]}