Pattern: Auto usually works; otherwise, RGGB is most common.

Combined luminance: color components are combined into a single luminance channel.
Split RGB: color components are split into separate files, one file per color.
Only G: only the G color component is output.

Superpixel: Combines 4 pixels into 1, effectively halving the width and height of the image.
Bilinear: Retains image dimensions, using bilinear interpolation to compute pixel values.
VNG: Variable Number of Gradients.  Implements the technique discussed in the following paper:
E. Chang, S. Cheung, and D. Pan, "Color filter array recovery using a threshold-based variable number of gradients," Proc. SPIE, vol. 3650, pp. 36–43, 1999.

