The laurel tree represents a fascinating group of plants celebrated for their aromatic leaves, cultural significance, and diverse forms. Often associated with victory and honor, these evergreen shrubs and trees belong to multiple genera, each offering unique characteristics suited to various landscapes. Understanding the specific types of laurel available allows gardeners and landscapers to select the perfect specimen for aesthetic appeal, hardiness, and culinary use.
True Laurels: The Bay Laurel Family
When most people refer to laurel, they are thinking of the true laurel, which belongs to the genus Laurus. This group includes the highly fragrant bay laurel, a staple in Mediterranean cuisine. These trees are distinguished by their leathery, glossy leaves and clusters of small, fragrant flowers that develop into dark berries. They form a dense, pyramidal canopy that provides year-round structure to gardens.
Laurus nobilis (Bay Laurel)
The most common species, Laurus nobilis, is the source of the bay leaf used to flavor soups and stews. It is a relatively slow-growing plant that can reach heights of 50 feet in the wild, though it is often pruned to maintain a manageable shrub shape in cultivation. Its adaptability to container culture makes it a popular choice for patios and entryways.
The Cherry Laurel Variants
Prunus laurocerasus, commonly known as cherry laurel, presents a different profile compared to the true bay. Despite the shared name, this plant is a member of the rose family, not the laurel family. It is valued for its rapid growth and ability to form a dense hedge, providing excellent privacy and wind resistance.
Prunus laurocerasus 'Rotundifolia'
Characterized by its large, rounded leaves, this variety offers a lush, tropical appearance that withstands cold temperatures surprisingly well. It produces fragrant white flowers in spring, followed by small, black berries. While visually appealing, gardeners should note that these berries are toxic if ingested.
Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken'
A more compact cultivar, 'Otto Luyken' is a favorite for low-maintenance landscaping. It grows to a modest height of 3 to 4 feet and spreads laterally, creating a thick, evergreen groundcover or low hedge. Its smaller leaf size and controlled growth habit eliminate the need for frequent pruning.
Portugal and Umbrella Laurels
Expanding the palette further, the Portugal laurel (Prunus lusitanica) offers a blend of beauty and resilience. This species is particularly useful in coastal environments, tolerating salt spray and poor soil conditions where other plants might struggle. Its deep green foliage and potential to develop into a small tree make it a versatile specimen.
Similarly, the umbrella plant (Schefflera actinophylla), though sometimes called Australian laurel, provides a striking architectural element. Native to rainforests, this plant features long, finger-like leaves that radiate from a central point, resembling an umbrella. It thrives indoors with bright, indirect light, or as a shaded outdoor accent in warmer climates.
Comparing Characteristics and Uses
Selecting the right laurel depends heavily on the intended purpose and climate. Below is a comparison of key growth habits and features to consider when choosing a type.
| Type | Growth Habit | Key Feature | Best Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laurus nobilis | Slow-growing tree/shrub | Aromatic culinary leaves | Herb garden, container planting |
| Cherry Laurel (Otto Luyken) | Compact shrub | Low, spreading form | Low hedge, border edging |
| Portugal Laurel | Medium-sized tree | Salt tolerance, glossy leaves | Coastal landscaping, screening |
| Umbrella Plant | Tropical shrub | Architectural palmate leaves | Indoor accent, tropical garden |
Regardless of the specific type chosen, laurel plants generally appreciate well-drained soil and a location with full sun to partial shade. Establishing a deep root system during the initial growth phase ensures the plant can withstand drought and temperature fluctuations. With their combination of evergreen foliage and cultural significance, laurels remain a timeless choice for adding structure and meaning to the landscape.
