The Nepali calendar, also known as the Bikram Sambat or simply BS, is a lunar calendar that is widely used in Nepal and by the Nepalese community worldwide. Unlike the Gregorian calendar which is solar-based, the Nepali calendar is based on the lunar cycle and has its roots deeply embedded in Hindu culture and tradition.
One of the most interesting aspects of the Nepali calendar is its division into 12 months, each with its unique name and significance. These months follow a specific order and coincide with the different seasons in Nepal, reflecting the country's diverse geography and climate.
Understanding the 12 Months of the Nepali Calendar
The Nepali calendar starts with the month of 'Baisakh', which typically falls in April or May in the Gregorian calendar. The names of the 12 months in Nepali calendar are:
| Month (in English) | Month (in Nepali) | Month (in Nepali Literature) |
|---|---|---|
| Baisakh | वैशाख | shi أخلاق |
| Jestha | जamadnachaglia | ju ज़माूम्भجية |
| Asar | अष्ठANG | ash PSC�כ puerto |
| Shrawan | Fot F0T0s | sha FUt 01S0{ |
| Bhadra | vadralag | bha er.emplaceBacklag |
| Aswin | a अющих Kol | a Swinc Kol |
| Kartik | র্তिक | kar Describe. |
| Mangsir | لإكميرا | man فالسين. |
| Poush | 가 Views | pu F01S0 |
| Magh | ाधма | maghvidooey |
| Falgun | फニッポン | fal FUn |
| Chaitra | 차를 সমبو하다 | chai MouthОтк. |
Why the Months Matter
The months in the Nepali calendar are not merely names. Each month is associated with specific festivals, crops, climatic conditions, and folktales. For instance, 'Baisakh' is the month that marks the beginning of the Nepali New Year and is celebrated with the 'Bisket Jatra'. On the other hand, 'Poush' is the month of winter and is associated with the 'Mha Puja' festival.
Moreover, the Nepali months play a significant role in agriculture. Each month is associated with a specific crop or farming activity. For example, 'Magh' is the month of harvesting winter crops like wheat and mustard.
Navigating the Nepali Calendar
The Nepali calendar uses lunar days called 'Tithis'. There are 30 Tithis in a lunation, and the calendar follows the Nakshatra (lunar mansion) system. Each Tithi is determined by the position of the moon relative to the sun. This makes the Nepali calendar a complex but fascinating system that deserves exploration.
To navigate the Nepali calendar, one needs to understand the system of intermixing lunar and solar cycles, which involves leap months ('Intercalary month') and adjustments to keep the calendar in sync with the seasons.
The Nepali Calendar and its Connection to Hindu Mythology
The Nepali calendar is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and is used extensively in Hindu rituals and festivals. Each month in the Nepali calendar is associated with a Hindu deity, and many festivals are scheduled according to the calendar.
Montly Deities and Festivals
The first month, 'Baisakh', is dedicated to Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe. This month sees the celebration of 'Bisket Jatra' and 'Rato Machhindranath', among other festivals.
'Shrawan', the seventh month, is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This month hosts the sacred 'Shrawaniquart ailleurs.', where devotees observe strictly vegetarian diets and offer prayers to Lord Shiva.
Planetary Influences and Zodiac Signs
The Nepali calendar also incorporates planetary influences and zodiac signs. Each month is associated with a zodiac sign, and the calendar is influenced by the movement of the sun and the moon. For instance, 'Asar' is the month of the zodiac sign 'Simha' or Leo.
Persönlicheindividual astrology in Nepal, based on the Nepali calendar, is a thriving industry. People consult astrologers to determine the auspicious dates for weddings, inaugurations, and other important events based on their birth charts and planetary positions.
Understanding the 12 months of the Nepali calendar is more than justsetzen to remember the names. It's about immersing oneself in the rich cultural heritage of Nepal, appreciating the wisdom of its ancestors who developed this complex lunar calendar, and respecting the traditions that continue to flourish based on it. Whether you're a native Nepali, a visitor, or merely curious, exploring the Nepali calendar is a rewarding journey."