It is produced and secreted by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and certain neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem upon food consumption. The initial product GLP-1 is susceptible to amidation and proteolytic cleavage...
Ex4 inhibited food intake through a specific effect on meal size. Meal size was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner with significant reductions at the 0.32 and 1.0 microg/kg doses (P < 0.05).
As comparison we also examined reduction of food intake by sulfated CCK-8. We found that intravenous infusion of GLP-1 reduced food intake in control rats and that reduction of intake was not diminished in vagotomized or capsaicin-treated rats.
At higher doses, weight loss was comparable to that seen in intact systems, suggesting GLP-1 may not be required for efficacy. Complementary experiments demonstrate that combining GIP and glucagon agonism produces synergistic reductions in food intake and body weight...
Through the gut-brain axis, abdominal massage could upregulate GPR41 and GPR43 protein expression and stimulate the release of GLP-1 and PYY. Read more.
induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body...
The newly discovered molecule, BRP, acts through a separate but similar metabolic pathway and activates different neurons in the brain seemingly offering a more targeted approach to body weight reduction.
The better summary is that tirzepatide appears to reduce appetite and food intake through combined gut-brain and hormonal effects, with supportive evidence for involvement of appetite-related brain circuits.
