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Melbourne (MEL-bəə rn, in your area [ˈ mæɫ& aelig; ɫ b ə n]; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: Narrm or Naarm) is the funding and most heavily populated city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most-populous city in Australia, after Sydney. The city's name normally refers to a 9,993 km2 (3,858 sq mi) metropolitan area also called Greater Melbourne, comprising a metropolitan cluster of 31 local government locations. The name is also used to especially refer to the local government location called City of Melbourne, whose area is centred on the Melbourne main business district and some immediate borders. The metropolis inhabits a lot of the northern and eastern coasts of Port Phillip Bay and spreads out right into the Mornington Peninsula, component of West Gippsland, along with the hinterlands towards the Yarra Valley, the Dandenong Ranges, and the Macedon Ranges. Since 2023, the populace of the metropolitan area was 5. 2 million, or 19% of the population of Australia; citizens are referred to as "Melburnians". The area of Melbourne has been home to Aboriginal Victorians for over 40,000 years and serves as a crucial gathering place for regional Kulin nation clans. Of the 5 individuals of the Kulin nation, the conventional custodians of the land including Melbourne are the Boonwurrung, Woiwurrung and the Wurundjeri peoples. In 1803, a brief British chastening negotiation was established at Port Phillip, after that part of the Swarm of New South Wales. Melbourne was started in 1835 with the arrival of complimentary settlers from Van Diemen's Land (contemporary Tasmania). It was included as a Crown negotiation in 1837, and named after the then-Prime Priest of the UK, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, it became the resources of the newly separated Swarm of Victoria in 1851. During the 1850s Victorian gold rush, the city went into a lengthy boom period that, by the late 1880s, had actually changed it right into Australia's, and among the world's, biggest and richest metropolises. After the federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne served as the interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the irreversible capital in 1927. Today, Melbourne is culturally diverse and, amongst world cities, has the fourth-largest international born population. It is a leading economic centre in the Asia-Pacific area, ranking 28th around the world in the 2024 Global Financial Centres Index. The city's diverse design blends Victorian period structures, such as the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Structure, with one of the globe's tallest sky lines. Additional spots include the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the National Gallery of Victoria. Kept in mind for its cultural heritage, the city generated Australian guidelines football, Australian impressionism and Australian cinema, and is noted for its street art, real-time songs and theatre scenes. It hosts major annual showing off occasions, such as the Australian Grand Prix and the Australian Open, and additionally held the 1956 Summer season Olympics. Melbourne rated as the world's most habitable city for much of the 2010s. Melbourne Airport terminal is the second-busiest flight terminal in Australia and the Port of Melbourne is the country's busiest seaport. Its major municipal rail terminus is Flinders Street terminal and its major local rail and road coach terminus is Southern Cross terminal. It likewise has Australia's a lot of substantial highway network and the largest city cable car network worldwide.

Australia, formally the Republic of Australia, is a nation comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and many smaller islands. It has a complete area of 7,688,287 km2 (2,968,464 sq mi), making it the sixth-largest nation in the world and the biggest in Oceania. Australia is the globe's flattest and driest lived in continent. It is a megadiverse country, and its size offers it a wide range of landscapes and climates consisting of deserts in the inside and tropical rain forests along the shore. The forefathers of Aboriginal Australians began showing up from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, throughout the last glacial duration. By the time of British settlement, Indigenous Australians talked 250 distinctive languages and had among the oldest living societies worldwide. Australia's written background started with Dutch expedition of the majority of the coastline in the 17th-century. British colonisation started in 1788 with the establishment of the penal colony of New South Wales. By the mid-19th century, a lot of the continent had actually been explored by European inhabitants and 5 additional self-governing British swarms were developed, each acquiring accountable federal government by 1890. The nests federated in 1901, creating the Republic of Australia. This proceeded a procedure of enhancing freedom from the UK, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster Fostering Act 1942, and culminating in the Australia Acts of 1986. Australia is a government legislative freedom and constitutional monarchy comprising six states and 10 regions. Its populace of virtually 28 million is highly urbanised and heavily focused on the eastern seaboard. Canberra is the nation's resources, while its most heavily populated cities are Sydney and Melbourne, both with a population of more than 5 million. Australia's culture varies, and the nation has one of the highest possible foreign populaces worldwide. It has actually a very established economic situation and one of the greatest per capita revenues around the world. Its bountiful natural deposits and well-developed global trade connections are essential to the nation's economic climate. It places extremely for lifestyle, wellness, education, economic freedom, constitutionals rights and political civil liberties. Australia is a center power, and has the globe's thirteenth-highest army expense. It is a member of worldwide teams including the United Nations; the G20; the OECD; the World Trade Organization; Asia-Pacific Economic Participation; the Pacific Islands Online Forum; the Pacific Area; the Commonwealth of Nations; and the protection and safety organisations ANZUS, AUKUS, and the Five Eyes. It is also a major non-NATO ally of the USA.