While initial claims suggested the use of cluster bombs, an investigation by Sudans Post has rather revealed evidence pointing to the deployment of ethyl acetate, a highly flammable chemical compound, in a targeted strike on the Nasir airstrip and market on Sunday night.
The attack triggered a fierce blaze, and graphic images circulating online depict numerous victims suffering severe burns and wounds consistent with exposure to intense fire. These images, combined with the rapid spread and intensity of the fire, prompted speculation about the use of cluster munitions, which are banned under international law.
Initial claims of cluster bomb usage, reminiscent of allegations against the South Sudan government and its ally Uganda during the 2013 civil war, could not be substantiated. However, our investigation uncovered compelling evidence of ethyl acetate (C₄H₈O₂) involvement.
Ethyl acetate is a volatile, flammable liquid with a low flash point. Its vapors form explosive mixtures with air and, being heavier than air, can spread rapidly along the ground, intensifying fires. This characteristic aligns with the reported spread and intensity of the Nasir fire.
The source of the ethyl acetate raises further questions. Photos of the containers circulating on social media bear the logo of Laxmi Organic Industries Ltd., an India-based specialty chemical company.
The exact delivery method of the ethyl acetate remains contested. Locals have offered conflicting accounts, with some suggesting drone strikes and others pointing to Antonov aircraft.
The weight of the 210-kilogram ethyl acetate barrels makes drone delivery over long distances unlikely.
The UPDF commander, and son of Museveni, stated the deployment aimed at rescuing the South Sudan president from rebels.
Key tenets such as distinction, proportionality, and humanity demand that attacks target only military objectives and avoid excessive civilian harm.
The confirmed deployment of Ugandan People’s Defence Forces (UPDF) in South Sudan, as stated by both governments and UPDF’s top commander, adds a layer of complexity to the incident, raising questions about potential international legal responsibilities.
The legality of using ethyl acetate, a substance not primarily designed as an incendiary weapon, is determined by its deployment. If used to deliberately or indiscriminately target civilians, causing widespread fires and uncontrollable damage, it violates international law.
Given the intentional nature of the strike, the confirmed Ugandan military involvement, and the confirmed civilian casualties the incident raises serious concerns regarding compliance with international legal standards and the protection of civilians.