In the industry, there are several types of polymer additives commonly used to enhance the properties of polymers. These include plasticizers, which improve flexibility and reduce brittleness; stabilizers, which prevent degradation caused by heat, light, or oxygen exposure; fillers, which increase strength and stiffness; colorants, which add pigmentation to the polymer; and flame retardants, which reduce the flammability of the material. Additionally, there are processing aids, which improve the flow and processing characteristics of the polymer, and antimicrobial additives, which inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Polymer additives play a crucial role in enhancing the mechanical properties of the final product. For example, plasticizers increase the flexibility and elongation of the polymer, making it more resistant to cracking or breaking under stress. Stabilizers protect the polymer from degradation, ensuring its mechanical properties remain intact over time. Fillers reinforce the polymer matrix, increasing its strength and stiffness. Flame retardants reduce the flammability of the material, improving its fire resistance. By incorporating these additives, the overall mechanical performance of the polymer is enhanced, making it more suitable for various applications.
Big Daishowa specializes in modular workholding that provides flexibility, efficiency and functionality. UNILOCK zero-point workholding provides value through versatile solutions that are simple to integrate into existing machinery and setups. Here, the company examines four tips for choosing the right workholding device.
Posted by on 2022-07-28
AddUp, a joint venture created by Michelin and Fives, is a global metal additive manufacturing OEM and service provider of powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) technologies. They have launched a suite of new process monitoring software to bolster the capabilities of the FormUp 350 PBF machine: AddUp Dashboards, Recoat Monitoring, and Meltpool Monitoring. This new software suite for its metal 3D printing technology optimizes part quality for prototyping and end-use industrial applications.
Posted by on 2022-07-06
Nidec Machine Tool Corporation recently developed the "SE25FR Plus," a gear shaping machine dedicated to making high-precision small-module gears used in robots. The company simultaneously developed a small-module cutting tool specifically for the new gear shaping machine. By providing this dual support in high-precision gear cutting machines and cutting tools from a single source, Nidec Machine Tool responds to the need for reduction gears of increasingly higher precision in the expanding global robot market.
Posted by on 2022-06-30
Klingelnberg examines gear noise behavior and the evolution of the electric powertrain.
Posted by on 2022-06-14
In July, Raymond J. Drago, P.E.—chief engineer of Drive Systems Technology, Inc. (DST), a mechanical power transmission consulting organization that he founded in 1976—will lead an IACET-accredited course on both the geometry and rating of involute splines of various types along with their applications. Topics under discussion include spline configuration variations, including half depth, full depth, and special function designs; both fixed and flexible spline configurations in terms of usage and design; lubrication methods, including grease, oil bath, and flowing oil, as well as coatings appropriate for various spline applications; and shear and compressive stress rating methods with analyses methodology in both equation and graphical methodology via various rating charts.
Posted by on 2022-05-29
When selecting a polymer additive for a specific application, several key factors need to be considered. Firstly, the compatibility of the additive with the polymer matrix is crucial to ensure proper dispersion and integration. The intended function of the additive, such as improving flexibility or flame retardancy, should align with the desired properties of the final product. The processing conditions, such as temperature and pressure, should also be taken into account to ensure the additive can withstand these conditions without degradation. Additionally, factors like cost, availability, and environmental impact should be considered to make an informed decision.
Yes, polymer additives can significantly improve the flame retardancy of polymers. Flame retardant additives work by reducing the flammability of the material and slowing down the spread of fire. They achieve this by releasing gases that dilute the flammable gases, forming a protective layer on the surface of the polymer, or promoting the formation of char, which acts as a barrier against heat and flames. By incorporating flame retardant additives, polymers can meet stringent fire safety regulations and reduce the risk of fire-related accidents.
Polymer additives can have a significant impact on the processing characteristics of the polymer. For example, processing aids improve the flowability of the polymer, reducing viscosity and enhancing moldability. This results in easier processing, shorter cycle times, and improved dimensional stability of the final product. However, some additives may also affect the processing temperature range or require specific processing techniques. It is important to consider the compatibility of the additive with the processing equipment and the desired processing conditions to ensure smooth and efficient manufacturing.
There are indeed environmental concerns associated with the use of certain polymer additives. Some additives, such as plasticizers, stabilizers, and flame retardants, may contain chemicals that can be harmful to human health or the environment. For example, certain flame retardants have been found to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic, raising concerns about their long-term impact on ecosystems. Additionally, the disposal of polymer products containing additives can pose challenges, as some additives may not be easily biodegradable or recyclable. It is important to carefully assess the environmental impact of polymer additives and consider alternative options that are more sustainable and eco-friendly.
Specialty polymer additives offer unique functionalities tailored to specific applications. For example, UV stabilizers protect polymers from degradation caused by UV radiation, making them suitable for outdoor applications. Antistatic additives reduce the buildup of static electricity on the surface of the polymer, preventing dust attraction and improving handling. Slip additives reduce the coefficient of friction, making the polymer surface smoother and more resistant to scratching. Rheology modifiers improve the flow behavior of the polymer, allowing for better control of viscosity and flow properties. These specialty additives provide customized solutions to enhance the performance and functionality of polymers in various industries.
Lubrication systems are optimized for gearbox maintenance through various strategies and techniques. One key aspect is the selection of the appropriate lubricant, considering factors such as viscosity, temperature range, and load capacity. Additionally, the lubrication system may incorporate advanced features like oil coolers or filters to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the gearbox. Regular monitoring and analysis of the lubricant's condition, using techniques like oil sampling and spectroscopy, allow for timely maintenance interventions and the detection of potential issues before they escalate. Furthermore, the lubrication system may be designed to provide precise and controlled oil distribution to critical areas of the gearbox, ensuring that all components receive adequate lubrication. Overall, the optimization of lubrication systems for gearbox maintenance involves a comprehensive approach that considers various factors and employs advanced technologies to enhance performance and minimize the risk of failures.
There are several methods for applying surface coatings to gearbox components, including physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thermal spray, electroplating, and painting. PVD involves the deposition of a thin film coating onto the surface of the component through the process of condensation of vaporized material. CVD, on the other hand, involves the chemical reaction of gaseous precursors to form a solid coating on the component surface. Thermal spray methods, such as plasma spraying and HVOF (high-velocity oxygen fuel) spraying, involve the projection of molten or semi-molten materials onto the component surface to form a coating. Electroplating utilizes an electric current to deposit a metal coating onto the component surface. Painting involves the application of a liquid coating onto the component surface, which is then cured to form a protective layer. Each of these methods offers unique advantages and is chosen based on the specific requirements of the gearbox component and the desired properties of the coating.
Gear tooth fatigue in industrial gearboxes is analyzed using a combination of advanced techniques and methodologies. These include finite element analysis (FEA), which allows for the simulation of the gearbox's operating conditions and the prediction of stress distribution on the gear teeth. Additionally, stress-life analysis is employed to determine the fatigue life of the gear teeth by considering the applied loads and the material properties. This analysis takes into account factors such as tooth geometry, surface finish, lubrication, and operating conditions to accurately assess the fatigue behavior of the gear teeth. Furthermore, non-destructive testing methods such as ultrasonic testing and magnetic particle inspection are utilized to detect any potential defects or cracks in the gear teeth, ensuring the reliability and safety of the gearbox. Overall, the analysis of gear tooth fatigue in industrial gearboxes involves a comprehensive approach that combines numerical simulations, material properties, and non-destructive testing to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the gear system.
When calculating operational loads on industrial gearboxes, several factors need to be taken into consideration. Firstly, the torque requirements of the application play a crucial role in determining the load on the gearbox. This includes factors such as the power output of the motor, the speed at which the gearbox operates, and the gear ratio. Additionally, the type of load being transmitted through the gearbox, whether it is a constant or variable load, impacts the operational load. Other factors that should be considered include the duty cycle of the gearbox, the ambient temperature, and the lubrication system in place. Furthermore, the design and material of the gearbox itself, including the gear teeth profile and the housing strength, also influence the operational load. By carefully considering these factors, engineers can accurately calculate the operational loads on industrial gearboxes and ensure their optimal performance and longevity.
Maintenance schedules for industrial gearboxes are determined through a comprehensive analysis of various factors and considerations. These include the specific operating conditions of the gearbox, such as the load, speed, and temperature, as well as the type and quality of lubrication used. Additionally, the manufacturer's recommendations and guidelines play a crucial role in establishing the maintenance schedule. Other factors that influence the schedule include the gearbox's design and construction, the materials used, and the level of wear and tear experienced over time. Regular inspections and monitoring of the gearbox's performance also contribute to determining the appropriate maintenance intervals. By considering these various aspects, maintenance schedules can be tailored to ensure optimal performance, minimize downtime, and extend the lifespan of industrial gearboxes.
Predictive failure analysis techniques in gearboxes involve monitoring various parameters to detect potential issues before they lead to failure. Some common techniques include: 1. Vibration analysis: Monitoring the vibration levels of the gearbox can help identify abnormal patterns or frequencies that indicate potential gear or bearing wear. Vibration sensors are typically installed on the gearbox and data is analyzed to detect any changes or anomalies. 2. Oil analysis: Regularly analyzing the lubricating oil in the gearbox can provide insights into the condition of the gears, bearings, and other internal components. Oil samples are tested for contaminants, wear particles, and degradation, which can indicate potential failure modes. 3. Thermography: Using infrared cameras to measure the temperature distribution on the gearbox can help identify hotspots or abnormal heat patterns. Elevated temperatures can indicate issues such as friction, misalignment, or inadequate lubrication. 4. Acoustic analysis: Monitoring the noise levels emitted by the gearbox can help detect abnormal sounds or vibrations that may indicate gear or bearing wear, misalignment, or other issues. Acoustic sensors or microphones are used to capture and analyze the sound signals. 5. Condition monitoring systems: These systems combine various sensors and data analysis techniques to continuously monitor multiple parameters, such as temperature, vibration, and oil condition. The data is analyzed using algorithms to detect patterns or anomalies that may indicate potential failure modes. 6. Trend analysis: By regularly collecting and analyzing data from various monitoring techniques over time, trends can be identified that indicate the degradation or deterioration of gearbox components. This allows for proactive maintenance or replacement before failure occurs. These techniques can be used individually or in combination to provide a comprehensive picture of the gearbox's health and predict potential failure modes. By detecting issues early, maintenance can be scheduled in a planned and cost-effective manner, minimizing downtime and reducing the risk of catastrophic failures.
Coatings for screws and barrels in gearboxes are evaluated through a comprehensive testing process that involves various factors and parameters. These evaluations typically include analyzing the coating's wear resistance, friction coefficient, hardness, adhesion, and corrosion resistance. The wear resistance assessment involves subjecting the coated screws and barrels to repetitive sliding or rolling motions to determine their ability to withstand wear and tear. The friction coefficient evaluation measures the coating's ability to reduce friction and improve the overall efficiency of the gearbox. Hardness tests are conducted to assess the coating's resistance to indentation and deformation. Adhesion tests determine the coating's ability to adhere firmly to the surface of the screws and barrels, ensuring long-term durability. Lastly, corrosion resistance evaluations involve exposing the coated components to harsh environmental conditions or corrosive substances to assess their ability to resist corrosion and maintain their performance over time. These evaluations help manufacturers select the most suitable coatings for screws and barrels in gearboxes, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.