Subnet Mask
Computers communicate with each other over networks. Networks are composed of individual machines, each identified by a unique IP address. However, IP addresses alone are not enough to ensure that data is delivered correctly between machines, particularly when networks grow large.
That's where subnet masks come in. A subnet mask is a numerical code that identifies the range of IP addresses on a network. It sits alongside the IP address and helps to ensure that data packets are delivered to the correct machines, even on a complex network.
Subnet masks work by dividing an IP address into two parts: the network address and the host address. The subnet mask determines which bits of the IP address belong to the network and which bits are available for host addressing.
For example, if an IP address is 192.168.0.1 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, then the network address is 192.168.0.0 and the host address is 0.0.0.1. The subnet mask tells computers on the network that any addresses beginning with 192.168.0 are part of the same network, whereas addresses that begin with a different number belong to a different network.
Subnet masks are an important tool for network administrators who need to manage large, complex networks. By dividing networks into subnets, administrators can improve security, reduce network congestion, and increase network efficiency.
In summary, subnet masks are numerical codes that divide IP addresses into network and host addresses, ensuring that data packets are delivered correctly on complex networks. They are an essential tool for network administrators managing large networks.