Body/form (rūpa)
Indeterminate qualities / Five Aggregates / Body/form 
Alternative translations: Body
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Glosses: kaya Pāli
37 excerpts, 2:18:26 total duration



Thanksgiving Retreat 2010, Session 5 – Nov. 24, 2010

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4. “Please help with a right understanding of the reflection on the 32 parts. I have had problems with this for two reasons: 1) The ‘bag of the body’ is not sealed. Gases, liquids, and solids pass continually in and out of it. 2) Unattractive...hmmm. It does seem to correct any idealized fantasy of the body to keep from falling of the path into a ditch of sensuous indulgence, however, might the squeamish and highly opinionated view expressed in this reflection lead to the equivalent of falling into the ditch on the other side? After all, I’m grateful to the bones, blood, pus, sweat, etc. that keep the old body ticking along.” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Unattractiveness] [Body/form] [Sensual desire] [Gratitude] // [Aversion]

Commentary: Path of Purification by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, p. 184: A bag with nine holes.

Vinaya: Bhikkhu Pārājikā 3: Monks obsessed with unattractiveness commit suicide. [Suicide] [Mindfulness of breathing]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2010, Session 6 – Nov. 25, 2010

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10. “If I understand this afternoon’s reflection correctly, then the body is capable of responding to things independently of the mind. So while I may have learned to refrain from facial, verbal, and other expressions of anger, impatience, humiliation, etc., the body may still respond. As I sit now, day after day, I feel all of that stored up tension in my neck and waves of anxiety in my belly. How to help the body release the pent-up emotions I have stuffed?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Body/form ] [Heart/mind] [Aversion] [Emotion] // [Conditionality] [Tranquility] [Mindfulness of breathing]

Sutta: SN 54.8: “When I practiced mindfulness of breathing, neither my body nor my eyes were tired.” [Buddha/Biography]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2011, Session 4 – Nov. 22, 2010

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7. “What is the most skillful thing to do when we can feel that there are a lot of blockages around the various energy centers in our body?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Body/form] // [Mindfulness of breathing]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2011, Session 5 – Nov. 23, 2010

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4. “Any suggestions for calming the breath/body when its mind is set on racing?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Mindfulness of breathing] [Body/form] [Tranquility] // [Visualization]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2011, Session 6 – Nov. 24, 2010

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9. “How do Tibetan monks generate so much body heat to melt snow? I’d like to learn that and warm up this sometimes quite cold hall at night.” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Vajrayāna] [Body/form] // [Perception] [Concentration] [Nimitta]

Story: Ajahn Supah goes wandering through India, Tibet, and China. He described the Himalayas as cold. [Ajahn Supah] [Tudong] [Travel]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2011, Session 7 – Nov. 25, 2010

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29. “I had a body sensation. My perception was my heart pounding, but the more I felt it, the more it separated into the actual contraction of the heart muscle. Was this sensation, perception, sensation, perception, mental formation? And is it even possible to feel the heart muscle contract and the flow of blood?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Body/form] [Sense bases] [Perception] [Volitional formations]

Sutta: MN 43.9: Conjoined not disjoined.


Thanksgiving Retreat 2012, Session 1 – Nov. 17, 2010

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11. “The mind can be a trickster. Can the body be a trickster too?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Heart/mind] [Delusion] [Body/form] // [Unattractiveness] [Elements] [Proliferation] [Mindfulness of body]

Story: “Body understands!” [Zen] [Koan]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2012, Session 5 – Nov. 21, 2010

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1. “I understand that ultimately old age, sickness, and death are out of our control, but we can influence those factors by how we treat our physicality, our nature. Can you talk about a skillful relationship to the body, what is skillful to let be versus what is skillful to influence?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Ageing] [Sickness] [Death] [Body/form] [Health ] [Skillful qualities] // [Medicinal requisites]

Sutta: MN 2.14, Chanting Book translation: Reflection on the Four Requisites. [Requisites]


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22. “I notice that with increased concentration, the formations of physical fluids decreases. When I start thinking about it, the swallowing reflex and the gurgling in the guts kick in. Please clarify. What is the experience of monks who stay in day-long samādhi? Any association with the stages of concentration?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Concentration] [Body/form] // [Tranquility]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2012, Session 8 – Nov. 24, 2010

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6. “With your instruction and the slowing down of my mind on retreat, I’ve been able to allow the proliferation of thought to subside. However, the release of emotion is another story, as it resides in the body and is not so easily released. I can’t go to the body because the emotion is there, and I can’t go to the mind, because those thoughts will feed the emotion. Any suggestions on where to go next? Even wholesome reflection seems to feed the emotional state.” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Proliferation] [Emotion ] [Body/form ] [Mindfulness of body] [Recollection] // [Neutral feeling] [Nature of mind] [Self-identity view]

Quote: “Recognize that the body and emotion are not the same thing.” [Body/form ]


The Fourth Foundation of Mindfulness, Session 26 – Feb. 12, 2013

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2. “Have you contemplated the elements as a basis for contact?” Answered by Ajahn Karuṇadhammo and Ajahn Jotipālo. [Body/form] [Elements] [Contact] [Aggregates] // [Unattractiveness] [Not-self]


The Fourth Foundation of Mindfulness, Session 27 – Feb. 13, 2013

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5. “If the task is to fully understand and you have an affinity for understanding form, does that affect how you understand the other aggregates?” Answered by Ajahn Karuṇadhammo. [Noble Truth of Suffering] [Body/form] [Aggregates] // [Thai Forest Tradition] [Mindfulness of body] [Insight meditation]

Sutta: AN 1.616: Mindfulness directed to the body and the deathless.


The Fourth Foundation of Mindfulness, Session 31 – Feb. 20, 2013

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2. “Do you have any suggestions for contemplating the origin of the body?” Answered by Ajahn Karuṇadhammo. [Body/form] [Birth] [Aggregates]


Abhayagiri Monastic Retreat 2013, Session 6 – Nov. 28, 2013

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17. “Is there anything in the teachings/scriptures that would relate to the idea of organ donation?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Health care] [Body/form] [Generosity]


Our Roots in the Thai Forest Tradition, Session 20 – Feb. 2, 2014

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3. “I’m interested in the theme mentioned of the body and mind being separate from each other. The questioner asks ‘Don’t they have influence on one another?’ I’m curious about how to reflect on that.” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Body/form] [Nature of mind] // [Ajahn Chah] [Sickness] [Knowing itself]

Story: Ajahn Chah retreats into the peace and stability of the mind to cope with a lung infection.


Death and Dying, Session 2 – May. 9, 2014

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17. Comment: You spoke of death as the dissolution of the body and awareness coming home. The life that we think we’re leading is not the life that we know about when we’re aware. [Body/form] [Knowing itself] [Nature of mind] [Death]

Response by Ajahn Pasanno: When death comes, our life is like something that is built up out of crystal that becomes a pile of rubble in the end. It’s so important to recognize that within that there is this possibility of awareness and purity of heart. [Similes]


Desire or Aspiration, Session 1 – Jun. 14, 2015

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8. “What to do when you have a lot of freedom in your mind, but in your body you’re stuck with a bad habit?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Desire] [Liberation] [Heart/mind] [Body/form] [Habits] [Craving] // [Direct experience] [Meditation/Techniques] [Translation] [Mindfulness of breathing]


2015 Thanksgiving Monastic Retreat, Session 3 – Nov. 23, 2015

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3. “You spoke of using the body as reference, backdrop for the breath. Always coming back to the body. Doesn’t this foster a sense of attachment to the body as mine? And what if the body is not in good shape, ill, and hurting?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Mindfulness of body] [Mindfulness of breathing] [Body/form] [Clinging] [Self-identity view] [Sickness] // [Relinquishment]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2016, Session 2 – Nov. 20, 2016

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9. “Can Ajahn Pasanno teach us how Ajahn Chah teaches or gives techniques on physical states and mental states? Can you tell us more about Ajahn Chah’s biography, for example, when and how Ajahn Chah wanted to become a monk?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Ajahn Chah] [Body/form] [Heart/mind] // [Christianity] [Conditionality]

Recollection: Ajahn Chah engaged in conversation with the villagers before the meal to reveal the junior monks’ desires around food. [Idle chatter] [Food] [Sensual desire]

Advice from Ajahn Chah: “Don’t admonish anybody before the meal.” [Admonishment/feedback]

Update about the progress on the new Ajahn Chah biography. [Dhamma books] [Ajahn Jayasaro] [Ajahn Kovilo]

Reference: Stillness Flowing by Ajahn Jayasaro

Story: Nine year old Ajahn Chah goes to the monastery after getting fed up with household chores. [Culture/Thailand] [Geography/Thailand] [Faith] [Monasteries] [Family] [Work]


Readings from The Island, Session 24 – Feb. 11, 2025

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4. “You read, ‘he realizes with the body’ (MN 70.23), and I read in one of the suttas (perhaps AN 4.113 or SN 48.53) that arahants touch Nibbāna with their body. Could you elaborate on this?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Body/form] [Arahant] [Nibbāna]