Body/form (rūpa)
Indeterminate qualities / Five Aggregates / Body/form 
Alternative translations: Body
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Glosses: kaya Pāli
37 excerpts, 2:18:26 total duration



Thanksgiving Retreat 2010, Session 8 – Nov. 27, 2010

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5. “When my breathing gets very fine, I notice that my head and body will subtly lean forward. Is this common?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Mindfulness of breathing] [Posture/Sitting] // [Becoming] [Body/form]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2011, Session 1 – Nov. 19, 2010

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1. “How can one enjoy meditation when one’s knees are on fire?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Meditation] [Happiness] [Pain ] // [Ajahn Pasanno] [Posture/Sitting] [Body/form] [Mindfulness of breathing] [Visualization] [Discernment]

Story: The monks at Winchester Cathedral used props during long chanting sessions. [Christianity] [Posture/Standing] [Chanting]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2011, Session 2 – Nov. 20, 2010

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10. “I keep getting overwhelmed by a variety of intense and unpleasant bodily sensations. I have been trying to keep my focus on more neutral places in the body, but I still find that keeping the concentration anywhere in the body amplifies the unpleasant feelings, and I can’t settle into a place of ease.” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Pain] [Mindfulness of body] [Neutral feeling] // [Aversion] [Restlessness and worry] [Fear] [Self-identity view] [Body/form] [Mindfulness of breathing] [Posture/Walking] [Chanting] [Goodwill]

Quote: “The energy we invest in it is where the suffering actually lies. In the end, a body is just a body.” [Suffering] [Body/form]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2011, Session 3 – Nov. 21, 2010

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14. “I remember reading that Ajahn Chah used to ask monastics to meditate in a charnel ground to alleviate lust. With no charnel ground at my disposal, how to work with this strong sensual desire in meditation?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Sensual desire ] [Ajahn Chah] [Recollection/Death] // [Unattractiveness] [Body/form]


Thanksgiving Retreat 2012, Session 5 – Nov. 21, 2010

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7. “How to practice with the arising and passing away of khandas as in the fourth development [in AN 4.41]? Does one reflect on the process of being? And saññā is always unclear to me.” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Impermanence] [Aggregates ] [Perception] // [Body/form] [Feeling] [Memory] [Volitional formations] [Consciousness] [Self-identity view]

Quote: “The goal of investigation and mindfulness practices is to shine a light on the constructed nature of how we identify with experience and then assume a solid sense of self, of I, of me, of mine.”


The Fourth Foundation of Mindfulness, Session 24 – Feb. 8, 2013

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5.MN 44.14 defines perception and feeling as mental formations. I thought those were just conditional arising on account of contact (MN 109.9)?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Perception] [Feeling] [Volitional formations] [Conditionality] [Contact] // [Pāli]

Ajahn Buddhadasā‘s translation of the Ānāpānasati Sutta (MN 118; Chanting Book translation) translates cittasaṅkhāra as the mental conditioner. [Ajahn Buddhadāsa] [Translation] [Mindfulness of breathing]

Reference: Mindfulness with Breathing by Ajahn Buddhadāsa, p. 72.

Follow-up: “The bodily fabrication doesn’t seem to involve volition, but vitakka and vicāra do.” [Body/form] [Volition] [Directed thought and evaluation] [Aggregates]

Comment: In the Ānāpānasati Sutta, much of the practice is intentionally calming different saṅkhāras. [Tranquility] [Mindfulness of body]

Response by Ajahn Pasanno.


The Fourth Foundation of Mindfulness, Session 31 – Feb. 20, 2013

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3. “Is there a special meaning for which simile is compared to which khandha in SN 22.95?” Answered by Ajahn Karuṇadhammo. [Similes] [Aggregates] // [Impermanence] [Body/form] [Feeling] [Perception] [Volitional formations] [Consciousness]


Abhayagiri Monastic Retreat 2013, Session 1 – Nov. 23, 2013

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1. “Thank you for your talk. Can you flesh out: ‘dispassionate about what?’ Also, trying to encourage dispassion along with arousing energy.” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Dispassion ] [Energy] // [Craving] [Sense bases] [Body/form] [Emotion] [Contentment] [Tranquility]

Quote: “When there’s a coolness towards the world around one, that frees up a lot of energy for directing attention to what’s actually useful and beneficial.” [Discernment]


Abhayagiri Monastic Retreat 2013, Session 5 – Nov. 27, 2013

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4. “I’ve been reflecting on ‘no-self’ and it hasn’t quite been resonating. Instead it feels like daunting abstraction. Can you suggest a simple way to approach this?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Not-self ] // [Self-identity view] [Impermanence] [Naturalness] [Body/form]


Our Roots in the Thai Forest Tradition, Session 19 – Feb. 1, 2014

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8. “Would it be possible to give a working definition of saṅkhāra? It seems that saṅkhāra is used by different people in different ways.” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Volitional formations] [Aggregates] // [Conditionality] [Body/form]

Reference: Abhayagiri Chanting Book, p. 23: “All conditions are impermanent.”


2014 Thanksgiving Monastic Retreat, Session 3 – Nov. 24, 2014

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13. “Dear Aj. Karuṇadhammo, could you say a bit more about how you find a belief in rebirth to be motivational? And that it ‘just makes sense?’ Do you think, perhaps, about the person who will inherit your rebirth and how it would be good to load them up with good kamma? Thanks!” Answered by Ajahn Karuṇadhammo. [Rebirth] [Kamma] [Faith] // [Death] [Nature of mind] [Body/form] [Views] [Spiritual urgency]


The Four Foundations of Mindfulness, Session 33 – Feb. 22, 2015

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4. “After emerging from these attainments, can one function in the world?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Jhāna] [Formless attainments] [Everyday life] // [Discernment] [Relinquishment] [Spiritual bypass]

Comment: If you happen to exist in a body, it seems you need to learn how to live in a body. [Body/form]

Response by Ajahn Pasanno. [Mindfulness of body] [Thai Forest Tradition] [Liberation]


Madison Insight Retreat 2023, Session 1 – Oct. 13, 2023

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6. “Could you give a Dhamma talk about the Five Aggregates?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Aggregates] // [Cause of Suffering] [Body/form] [Feeling] [Perception] [Volitional formations] [Consciousness]

Simile: A dog tied to a post (SN 22.100). [Similes] [Self-identity view]


Readings from The Island, Session 39 – Mar. 5, 2025

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4. “We often speak of the mind, and we associate it with the mental mind, and we often feel that it’s in the area of the head. Then, when we feel the heart, we often feel like it’s in the area of the heart chakra. I see that in meditation, we can actually expand our field of awareness, maybe to the whole body or even more. Are there different approaches or degrees to this? How does it relate to consciousness?” Answered by Ajahn Amaro and Ajahn Pasanno. [Heart/mind] [Nature of mind] [Spaciousness] [Consciousness] // [Translation] [Language] [Hinduism] [Emotion] [Mindfulness of mind] [Body/form]


Kathina Q&A with the Chithurst Community, Session 1 – Oct. 11, 2025

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9. “Could you say something about the name-and-form step in Dependent Origination?” Answered by Ajahn Pasanno. [Aggregates ] [Dependent origination] // [Heart/mind] [Body/form] [Self-identity view] [Human] [Realms of existence]

Sutta: MN 43.9: Conjoined not disjoined.