The Amazon rainforest covers 5 per cent of the world's land and extends over some 7.8 million kilometres. It is one of the most biodiverse regions on earth - at least 30 per cent of the world's land-based animal and plant species live there. The Amazon is also home to about 220,000 people from 180 different indigenous nations who live deep in the rainforest, and it plays a vital role in maintaining the world's climate.